{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T03:43:57Z","timestamp":1789789437341,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A lack of studies analyze risk factors for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. We questioned (1) what clinical features of HIV-positive patients suffered with ONFH are; (2) what the independent risk factors for ONFH in HIV-positive patients are. A retrospective case\u2013control study was performed in our institution from January 2013 to January 2020. A total of 57 HIV-positive patients with ONFH and 114 HIV-positive patients without ONFH were enrolled. Clinical characteristics of ONFH in HIV-positive patients were described. Multivariate logistic analysis was performed, respectively, to determine independent risk factors for ONFH in HIV-positive patients. Among 57 HIV-positive patients with ONFH, 35 patients (61.41%) were noted as Association Research Circulation Osseous stage 4. Independent risk factors of ONFH identified by multivariate analysis were prior lowest CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T lymphocyte count &lt;50 [odds ratio\u2009=\u20094.800; 95% confidence interval (CI)\u2009=\u20091.194\u201319.296;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.027], tenofovir (TDF) use \u22651 year (odds ratio\u2009=\u20092.621; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.199\u20135.729;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.016), and corticosteroid use \u22653 months (odds ratio\u2009=\u20098.932; 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.172\u201336.724;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.002). We recommend that orthopedic surgeons highly suspect the possibility of ONFH in HIV patients with prior lower CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T lymphocyte count, longer TDF, and corticosteroid use.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2021.0224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T11:23:15Z","timestamp":1664277795000},"page":"869-874","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Risk Factors for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Patients: A Retrospective Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Rugang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changsong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0091-5433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.17025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1760"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909120971826"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4449"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czw149"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.66.6.451"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu701"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofx177"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-011-2114-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0578-1426.2018.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12302"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000000625"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2019.11.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l2178"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-1-200207020-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","unstructured":"Li R Duffee D Gbadamosi-Akindele MF. 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