{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:44:00Z","timestamp":1777380240259,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Most of the studies using the colorectal tissue explants challenge model have been conducted after one single dose and before reaching a steady state. We consider that longer exposure as in 28-day postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) course and in an\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">at-risk<\/jats:italic>\n                    setting, such as after a sexual risk exposure to HIV could give us valuable information about these drugs. In a substudy we assessed pharmacokinetics, changes on immune system and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ex-vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    rectal mucosal susceptibility to HIV-1 infection after taking maraviroc (MVC), raltegravir (RAL), and ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV\/r) PEP-based regimens in 30 men who have sex with men. Participants received 28 days of twice-daily MVC (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200911), RAL (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910) or LPV\/r (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20099) all with tenofovir\/emtricitabine (TDF\/FTC) backbone. Blood, rectal fluid, and rectal tissue samples were collected at days 7, 28, and 90 after starting PEP. The samples obtained at day 90 were considered baseline. All studied antiretrovirals were quantifiable at 7 and 28 days in all tissues. Activation markers were increased in CD4 mucosal mononuclear cells (MMCs) after 28 days of MVC: CD38\u2009+\u200968.5 versus 85.1,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.008 and CD38+DR +16.1 versus 26.7,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.008. Exposure to MVC at both endpoints (7 and 28 days) was associated with significant suppression of HIV-1\n                    <jats:sub>BAL<\/jats:sub>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.005 and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.028), but we did not observe this effect with RAL or LPV\/r. Merging together changes in MMC in all arms, we found a positive correlation in the CD8 T cell lineage between the infectivity at day 7 and activation (CD38+\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.43,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.025, DR\u2009+\u2009\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.547,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.003 and 38+DR+\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.526,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.05), senescence (CD57+CD28\u2212\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.479,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.012), naive cells (RA+CCR7+\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.484,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.01), and CCR5 expression (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.593,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.001). We conclude that MVC in combination with TDF\/FTC was associated with viral suppression in rectal explants and that overall\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ex-vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    HIV infectivity correlated with activation and senescence in CD8 MMCs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2021.0232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T05:48:26Z","timestamp":1669182506000},"page":"211-221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pharmacokinetics, the Immunological Impact, and the Effect on HIV\n                    <i>Ex-Vivo<\/i>\n                    Infectivity of Maraviroc, Raltegravir, and Lopinavir in Men Who Have Sex with Men Using Postexposure Prophylaxis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7887-6027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorna","family":"Leal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Cl\u00ednic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain."},{"name":"AIDS and HIV Infection Research Group, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain."},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto C.","family":"Guardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS and HIV Infection Research Group, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis M.","family":"Bedoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiolog\u00eda, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain."},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Rodr\u00edguez de Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endoscopy Unit, Hospital Cl\u00ednic Barcelona, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N\u00faria","family":"Climent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS and HIV Infection Research Group, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Rovira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS and HIV Infection Research Group, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Beltr\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiolog\u00eda, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josep","family":"Llach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endoscopy Unit, Hospital Cl\u00ednic Barcelona, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Alcam\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiolog\u00eda, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela D.M.","family":"Kashuba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose M.","family":"Gatell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain."},{"name":"ViiV Healthcare, Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Montserrat","family":"Plana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS and HIV Infection Research Group, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain."},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Cl\u00ednic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain."},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","unstructured":"UNAIDS Data 2021. 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