{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:28:38Z","timestamp":1790674118216,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Aging of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a worldwide reality, and age-related conditions, including disability, have also increased. Efforts are being made to search for more specific markers of immune system malfunction, which serve as good predictors of adverse health-related outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between the CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ratio and functional decline in activities of daily living (ADL). Participants in this longitudinal study underwent a standardized comprehensive geriatric assessment by trained staff, using validated tools. Functional decline in ADL was established by the delta resulting from the subtraction of the score on the Barthel index at\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    minus the score at\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    (baseline). Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to determine the independent relationship between the CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ratio and ADL decline. Mean age was 57.9 (standard deviation 6.6; range 50\u201384 years), and 82.7% were men. Eleven of the 209 participants had disability for ADL at baseline. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed an inverse relationship between the log of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ratio at baseline and the delta of Barthel index even after adjustment for multiple confounders (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22121.68, 95% confidence interval \u22123.02 to \u22120.33;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.01). A CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ratio of &lt;1 predicts the development of functional decline in ADL. This ratio can be a useful marker to identify people at risk of disability and should be considered for the tailored management of older adults with HIV.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2022.0080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T13:13:02Z","timestamp":1663852382000},"page":"863-868","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Lower CD4\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    \/CD8\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    Ratio Predicts Activities of Daily Living Decline Among Older Adults with HIV"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Carlos Alberto","family":"Ruiz-Manriquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n, Mexico City, Mexico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4163-5278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virgilio","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda E.","family":"Crabtree-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n, Mexico City, Mexico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Amieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0033-5508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Alberto","family":"Avila-Funes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n, Mexico City, Mexico."},{"name":"INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"People living with HIV\u2014People aged 50 and over. AIDSinfo. Available from: https:\/\/aidsinfo.unaids.org\/?did=5f00c2b9629b296603a01cc3&r=world&t=null&tb=d&bt=dnli&ts=0 0&tr=world&aid=5f00c313629b296603a01cc4&sav=Population: All people aged 50 and over&tl\u2009=\u20092. [Last accessed: May162022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-019-00464-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix316"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000556"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16034"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa485"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-019-00160-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-013-0107-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(16)30091-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61809-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofw097"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(15)00018-1"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","first-page":"81","article-title":"The revival of an \u201cOld\u201d Marker: CD4\/CD8 ratio","volume":"19","author":"Bruno G","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bruno G, , Saracino A, , Monno L, et al. The revival of an \u201cOld\u201d Marker: CD4\/CD8 ratio. AIDS Rev, 2017; 19(2):81\u201388.","journal-title":"AIDS Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462419834129"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(15)00006-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000356827"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"Functional evaluation: The Barthel Index","volume":"14","author":"Mahoney FI","year":"1965","unstructured":"Mahoney FI, , Barthel DW. Functional evaluation: The Barthel Index. Md State Med J, 1965; 14:61\u201365.","journal-title":"Md State Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(82)90033-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212283"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afx013"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2008.1090"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2017.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12081"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.17.4.19723"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/AID.2015.0385"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003171"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085798"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-018-0200-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25911"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.17.4.19709"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000001763"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233049"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/AID.2019.0064"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16926"}],"container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/aid.2022.0080","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/aid.2022.0080","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/aid.2022.0080","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:16:15Z","timestamp":1777367775000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/aid.2022.0080"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/aid.2022.0080"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/aid.2022.0080","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-2229","1931-8405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-2229","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}}}