{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:29:15Z","timestamp":1787167755103,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Infection with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Mtb) in people with HIV (PWH) is associated with depletion of Mtb-specific CD4 T cell responses, increased risk of progression to active tuberculosis (TB) disease, and increased immune activation. Although higher HIV viral loads have been reported in Mtb\/HIV co-infection, the extent to which Mtb infection and TB disease impact the frequency and phenotype of HIV-specific T cell responses has not been well described. We enrolled a cohort of PWH in Kenya across a spectrum of Mtb infection states, including those with no evidence of Mtb infection, latent Mtb infection (LTBI), and active pulmonary TB disease, and evaluated the frequency, immune activation, and cytotoxicity phenotype of HIV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses in peripheral blood by flow cytometry. We found evidence of depletion of HIV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells in people with TB, but not with LTBI. Expression of the immune activation markers human leukocyte antigen-DR isotype (HLA-DR) and Ki67 and of the cytotoxic molecules granzyme B and perforin were increased in total CD4 and CD8 T cell populations in individuals with TB, although expression of these markers by HIV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells did not differ by Mtb infection status. These data suggest that TB is associated with overall increased T cell activation and cytotoxicity and with depletion of HIV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells, which may contribute to further impairment of T cell\u2013mediated immune control of HIV replication in the setting of TB.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2023.0088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T03:22:00Z","timestamp":1708140120000},"page":"417-427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Active Tuberculosis Is Associated with Depletion of HIV-Specific CD4 and CD8 T Cells in People with HIV"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Jeremiah","family":"Khayumbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Kisumu, Kenya."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loren E.","family":"Sasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taryn A.","family":"McLaughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benson","family":"Muchiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Ongalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Tonui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel Gurrion","family":"Ouma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angie","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix Hayara","family":"Odhiambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelimo","family":"Kiprotich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Kisumu, Kenya."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neel R.","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl L.","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","unstructured":"UNAIDS. 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