{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T02:22:50Z","timestamp":1777429370148,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648512000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Biosaf."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Decontamination of redundant laboratories, contained plant space, and support buildings used to handle high consequence animal pathogens (North America BSL-3Ag, UK SAPO4) was required before demolition to mitigate the risk that infectious material was released into the environment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Given the age of the buildings and their construction, bespoke qualitative risk-based methods were developed by biorisk personnel, in consultation with specialist contractors where applicable. This approach was to give assurance that suitable decontamination was achievable, sometimes through multilayered approaches to disinfection. Time was considered as a contributing factor in decontamination. Different means of achieving decontamination were employed, and waste management was considered as part of the overall process ensuring a \u201ccradle to grave\u201d approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This article describes the challenges and solutions, faced by a UK facility licensed to work on high hazard pathogens, including foot-and-mouth disease virus and African swine fever virus. The risk-based approach (and methods described herein) may also be applicable to routine decontamination of younger buildings, that is, during renovations or temporary derestriction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/apb.2021.0033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T16:18:47Z","timestamp":1648743527000},"page":"100-105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Decontamination of High-Containment Laboratories for Demolition: A Risk-Based Approach"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Jason","family":"Tearle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health, Safety and Biosafety Department, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","author":"Tearle JP","unstructured":"Tearle JP, , MacRae G, , Andrews S, , Clarke A, , Stuart J, , Tremblay G. Biological validation and observations of formaldehyde fumigation in operational and representative scenarios in high-containment facilities. Appl Biosaf. 2020;25(1):41\u201347.","journal-title":"Appl Biosaf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","author":"Bachrach HL","unstructured":"Bachrach HL, , Breese SS, , Callis JJ, , Hess WR, , Patty RE. Inactivation of FMDV by pH and temperature changes and by formaldehyde. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1957;95(1):147\u2013152.","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","author":"Bartley LM","unstructured":"Bartley LM, , Donnelly CA, , Anderson RM. Review of foot-and-mouth disease virus survival in animal excretions and on fomites. Vet Record. 2002;151(22):667\u2013669.","journal-title":"Vet Record"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","author":"Krug PW","unstructured":"Krug PW, , Lee LJ, , Eslami AC, , Larson CR, , Rodriguez L. Chemical disinfection of high-consequence transboundary animal disease viruses on nonporous surfaces. Biologicals. 2011;39(4):231\u2013235.","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","author":"Stewart J","unstructured":"Stewart J, , Chewins J, , Tearle J. Comparing the efficacy of formaldehyde with hydrogen peroxide fumigation on infectious bronchitis virus. Appl Biosaf. 2020;25(2):83\u201389.","journal-title":"Appl Biosaf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","unstructured":"Annex V Restocking of Holdings. Community Measures for the Control of FMDV. EU Directive 2003 Council Directive 2003\/85\/EC."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","unstructured":"Restocking of premises following slaughter Part 2 Section 30. Foot-and-Mouth Disease (England) Order; 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","volume-title":"Minimum Standards for Laboratories Working with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus","author":"European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease","year":"2013","unstructured":"European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease. Minimum Standards for Laboratories Working with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus. Rome, Italy: FAO; 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","unstructured":"Biotechnology- Performance criteria for microbiological safety cabinets. Annex J: recommendations for decontamination cleaning and fumigation of MSCs and filters. BS EN 12469:2000."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","unstructured":"DEFRA Approved Disinfectants. The Diseases of Animals (Approved Disinfectants) (England) Order; 2007."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","unstructured":"OIE FMDV Technical Disease Card. World Organisation for Animal Health."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","author":"Robert PL","unstructured":"Robert PL, , Lloyd D. Virus inactivation by protein denaturants used in affinity chromatography. Biologicals. 2007;35(4):343\u2013347.","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","author":"Alphin RL","unstructured":"Alphin RL, , Johnson KJ, , Ladman BS, , Benson ER. Inactivation of avian influenza virus using four common chemicals and one detergent. Poult Sci. 2009;88(6):1181\u20131185.","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","author":"Turner C","unstructured":"Turner C, , Williams SM, , Cumby TR. The inactivation of foot and mouth disease, Aujeszky`s disease and classical swine fever viruses in pig slurry. 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