{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T21:41:27Z","timestamp":1779399687409,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Patient Care and STDs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Metabolic syndrome (MS), a group of interrelated risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes, has been increasingly reported among HIV-infected patients. Data on the prevalence and risk factors for MS among HIV-1 infected Thai adults are limited. The study collected cross-sectional data from 580 HIV-1 infected adults\u201446.2% were men and 71% were antiretroviral therapy (ART)-experienced. The majority (78.8%) of them used non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimens. Data on lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose, CD4 count, HIV RNA, antiretroviral therapy (ART), anthropometry, food intake, and exercise were recorded. MS was defined using American Heart Association\/National Heart Lung and Blood Institute criteria. Overall prevalence of MS was 22.2%; 15.9% in ART-na\u00efve group vs. 24.9% in ART-experienced group,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.018. Significant risk factors for MS in multivariate analyses included age \u226535 years (odds ratio, OR, 4.2, 95%CI 1.6\u201311.0,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.004), high cholesterol (OR 4.7, 95%CI 1.7\u201312.9,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.002), and living outside Bangkok (OR 4.2, 95%CI 1.6\u201310.8,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.003) in the ART-na\u00efve group, and female gender (OR 1.7, 95%CI 1.0\u20132.8,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.05), lipodystrophy (OR 1.8, 95%CI 1.0\u20133.0,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.032), high cholesterol (OR 1.9, 95%CI 1.1\u20133.1,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.015), and food insecurity (OR 1.8, 95%CI 1.0\u20133.3,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.05) in the ART-experienced group. All variables, except for female gender in the ART-experienced group, remained significantly associated with MS in a model where lipodystrophy was excluded. We concluded that MS was common among HIV-1\u2013infected Thai adults. As HIV-infected patients get older, early screening and intervention, such as ART modification to avoid lipodystrophy, may reduce MS and CVD-related morbidities and mortalities in long-term care.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2013.0294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,10]],"date-time":"2014-06-10T16:00:22Z","timestamp":1402416022000},"page":"331-340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Among Antiretroviral-Naive and Antiretroviral-Experienced HIV-1 Infected Thai Adults"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Jureeporn","family":"Jantarapakde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nittaya","family":"Phanuphak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chintana","family":"Chaturawit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Supabhorn","family":"Pengnonyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pornpen","family":"Mathajittiphan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Savang Vadhana Memorial Hospital","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piyaporn","family":"Takamtha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanpatong Hospital","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narunat","family":"Dungjun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surajthani Hospital","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suteeraporn","family":"Pinyakorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warabhorn","family":"Pima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wisit","family":"Prasithsirikul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bamrasnaradura Infectious Disease Institute","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praphan","family":"Phanuphak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"1045","article-title":"Lipids, lipoproteins, triglyceride clearance, and cytokines in human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"74","author":"Grunfeld C","year":"1992","unstructured":"Grunfeld C, , Pang M, , Doerrler W, et al. 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