{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T09:12:08Z","timestamp":1791882728426,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Patient Care and STDs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We conducted a 24\n                    <jats:bold>-<\/jats:bold>\n                    month prospective follow-up study, at a primary health care clinic in Harare, Zimbabwe, to determine cumulative mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 (MTCT) rate and the contributions of intrauterine (IU), intrapartum (IP), and postpartum (PP) to MTCT, as well as maternal and infant mortality rates in the era of Option B\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Plasma for viral load (VL) quantitation was obtained from 475 mothers enrolled into the study. VL was quantified at enrolment and every 6 months thereafter up to 24 months using the Cepheid GeneXpert HIV-1 Quantitative test. Dried blood spots were collected from 453 infants at birth, 4\u20136 weeks, 3 months, and every 3 months thereafter up to 24 months. HIV-1 infant diagnosis was conducted using the Cepheid GeneXpert HIV-1 Qualitative test. Absolute, cumulative MTCT rates and mortality rate were calculated. Seven mothers (1.55%) transmitted HIV-1 infection to their infants by 24 months. Four infants (0.88%; 95% CI 0.26\u20132.33%), one infant (0.22%; 95% CI 0\u20131.4%), and two infants (0.44%; 95% CI 0.01\u20131.7%) were infected IU, IP, and PP, respectively. By 24 months, 88.94% of the mothers and 80% of the infants had undetectable VL. The maternal and infant mortality rates were 0.21% and 1.78%, respectively. In the first 24 months of life, IU transmission is the major route of MTCT. The cumulative MTCT rate of 1.55% and low maternal and infant mortality rates of 0.21% and 1.78%, respectively, contribute to growing evidence that Option B\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cART not only drastically reduces MTCT but also maternal and infant mortality.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2021.0217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T11:47:41Z","timestamp":1650368861000},"page":"145-152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Impact of Option B\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    Combination Antiretroviral Therapy on Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1, Maternal and Infant Virologic Responses to Combination Antiretroviral Therapy, and Maternal and Infant Mortality Rates: A 24-Month Prospective Follow-Up Study at a Primary Health Care Clinic, in Harare, Zimbabwe"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0090-896X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynn Sodai","family":"Zijenah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Unit, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Investigative Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0066-8345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsitsi","family":"Bandason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilbert","family":"Bara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Mary","family":"Chipiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Unit, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Investigative Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Allan","family":"Katzenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection. 2013. Available at: https:\/\/www.who.int\/hiv\/pub\/guidelines\/arv2013\/download\/en\/ (Last accessed May4 2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global health sector response to HIV 2000\u20132015: focus on innovations in Africa: progress report. Available at: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/198065\/1\/9789241509824_eng.pdf?ua=1\/ (Last accessed May26 2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Global aids update 2018 Miles to go closing gaps breaking barriers righting injustice. Available at: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/miles-to-go_en.pdf] (Last accessed May26 2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.06.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200401230-00017"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Ending AIDS: progress towards the 90-90-90 targets: Global AIDS update. 2017. Available at: https:\/\/www.aidsdatahub.org\/resource\/ending-aids-progress-towards-90-90-90-targets-global-aids-update-2017 (Last accessed May26 2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/174.4.722"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002338"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.2017.v108i3b.12817"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32831c54bd"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0800971"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199908053410602"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314767"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/175.1.172"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)10411-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199907300-00016"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)06444-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ578"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.8.744"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.9.1167"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199108293250901"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)01101-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000166093.16446.c9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60283-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61114-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0911486"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181b323ff"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0801941"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907736"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001015"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)10412-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001343"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/wja.2018.83008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","first-page":"72","article-title":"An assessment of option B implementation for the prevention of mother to child transmission in Dschang, Cameroon: Results from the DREAM (Drug Resource Enhancement against AIDS and Malnutrition) cohort","volume":"23","author":"Altan AM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Altan AM, , Taafo F, , Fopa F, et al. An assessment of option B implementation for the prevention of mother to child transmission in Dschang, Cameroon: Results from the DREAM (Drug Resource Enhancement against AIDS and Malnutrition) cohort. 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