{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T13:03:53Z","timestamp":1777554233612,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Patient Care and STDs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    HIV\/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection is a global health problem with overlapping modes of transmission. We performed a single-center retrospective case series of acute HCV infections at the Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System between January 2001 and June 2020 to better characterize the presentation and clinical course of acute HCV among veterans with HIV. Cases were discovered through routine clinical care. We identified 29 cases of acute HCV: all men. Risk for HCV acquisition included men who have sex with men (MSM; 93%) and injection drug use (17%). Thirteen (45%) had a concurrent sexually transmitted infection (STI). Symptoms were seen in 76% of acute HCV cases and resulted in hospitalization in 59% of symptomatic cases. Seven (24%) presented as HCV antibody seronegative. Three never seroconverted, all with CD4 T cell counts &lt;200. Spontaneous HCV clearance occurred in 21% (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20096) and was more common in those who developed jaundice (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.01). Time to treatment was significantly reduced in the direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) era versus the interferon era (300 vs. 1631 days,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Of those who did not spontaneously clear, 87% were treated (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200920\/23) and 95% (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200919\/20) achieved sustained virological response. Three patients died before HCV treatment, all in the pre-DAA period (one death was liver related). In this case series of acute HCV infection in persons with HIV, many were symptomatic MSM who had a concurrent STI, suggesting sexual HCV transmission. Some presented as HCV antibody negative, highlighting the role of enhanced HCV screening and treatment in MSM with HIV to prevent HCV transmission in sexual networks.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2022.0021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T11:18:13Z","timestamp":1651663093000},"page":"172-177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Diagnosis and Clinical Manifestations of Acute Hepatitis C Infection in People Living with HIV"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7292-8834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesse","family":"O'Shea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."},{"name":"Infectious Diseases, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily J.","family":"Cartwright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."},{"name":"Infectious Diseases, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis927"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000490"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Viral Hepatitis Surveillance\u2014United States 2019. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines for prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: Recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"58","author":"Kaplan JE","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kaplan JE, , Benson C, , Holmes KK, et al. Guidelines for prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: Recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 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Testing for HCV infection: An update of guidance for clinicians and laboratorians. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2013; 62:362\u2013365.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/432478"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32831940a3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2013.188"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/511038"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100517"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","unstructured":"US Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Public and Intergovernmental Affairs. VA on path to cure 100 000 veterans of hepatitis C. Published March 18 2019. 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