{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T09:53:14Z","timestamp":1784886794402,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Patient Care and STDs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>HIV-related stigma and discrimination have been a significant barrier to accessing health care, hence contributing to poor health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with HIV-related stigma and discrimination and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among people living with HIV in rural Thailand setting. A cross-sectional convenience sample of 161 HIV-positive Thai patients was recruited from a single rural district hospital using a self-administered questionnaire entailing sociodemographic information, the 12-item stigma scale, the Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey (MOS-HIV), and the EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L). Linear regression and the multi-variable analyses were used to investigate factors associated with stigma and HRQoL, whereas the correlations between stigma and quality of life variables were tested by Pearson correlations. Being married and duration of antiretroviral therapy were negatively correlated with HIV stigma, while increased age was inversely associated with HRQoL. Being employed and having sufficient money for living contributed positively to predict HRQoL. HIV stigma was negatively associated with mental health summary (MHS) and visual analog scale (VAS) score, whereas duration diagnosed with HIV and the use of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in combination with protease inhibitor regimen were negative factors associated with VAS and health utility, respectively. The findings confirm complex and inseparable associations of factors relating to HIV-related stigma and HRQoL. The development of effective interventions tailored at individual level is warranted to address this gap.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2022.0035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T11:18:13Z","timestamp":1651663093000},"page":"186-193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Predictors of Stigma and Health-Related Quality of Life Among People Living with HIV in Northern Thailand"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5961-8978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ajaree","family":"Rayanakorn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand."},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia."},{"name":"Epidemiology Research Group of Infectious Disease (ERGID), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parichat","family":"Ong-artborirak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand."},{"name":"Epidemiology Research Group of Infectious Disease (ERGID), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zanfina","family":"Ademi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia."},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suwat","family":"Chariyalertsak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","unstructured":"Weniger B . History of the early HIV\/AIDS epidemic in Thailand and highlights of the Country's Key contributions to global prevention. May 20 2019. Available at: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=H4QCczw-tvc&t=2368s (Last accessed December9 2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","unstructured":"AIDSinfo: Global data on HIV epidemiology and response. 2020. Available at: https:\/\/aidsinfo.unaids.org\/ (Last accessed December9 2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4659-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1228160"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw335"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00981389.2013.827143"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032917"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","unstructured":"Avert. HIV and AI DS in Thailand . Global information and education on HIV and AIDS. August 7 2020. Available at: https:\/\/www.avert.org\/professionals\/hiv-around-world\/asia-pacific\/thailand (Last accessed December9 2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","unstructured":"PEPFAR. Asia Region Operational Plan ROP 2019 Strategic Direction Summary. Washington DC: U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01612840.2011.575533"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2019.0131"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","unstructured":"UNAIDS Data. Geneva Switzerland: UNAIDs; 2019:147."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-013-0160-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","unstructured":"Stigma and Discrimination Among Health Care Providers and People Living with HIV in Health Care Settings in Thailand: Comparison of Findings from 2014\u20132015 and 2017. 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Quality of life among people living with HIV received antiretroviral drugs in Khon Kaen province. 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