{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T11:35:20Z","timestamp":1789472120119,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Patient Care and STDs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    To understand the global dual HIV infection (DI) profiles comprehensively, the databases Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science were the data sources up to March 31, 2024 (PROSPERO: CRD42023388328). Stata and R-language software were used to analyze the extracted data. Publication bias was assessed using Egger\u2019s test. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the stability of the combined effect values. Data from 17 eligible studies across four continents (Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America) with 1,475 subjects were used. The combined dual infection rate (DIR) was 10.47% (95% CI: 7.11%\u221214.38%) without a time trend (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.105). The DIRs of target population groups differed significantly, with FSWs having the highest DIR (15.14%), followed by general population (12.08%), MSM (11.84%), and DUs (9.76%). The subtype profiles of 122 patients with dual infection were extracted, and the results showed that intrasubtype infections were predominant in coinfection (16\/22, 72.73%) and superinfection (68\/100, 68.00%) groups, with the subtype pattern B and B accounts for the largest proportion. The global dual infection rate may be underestimated, even though the data fluctuated around 10% and showed no time trend. The occurrence of DI indicated that individuals still do not acquire sufficient resistance to HIV even after primary infection, which could potentially compromise the patient\u2019s treatment effect and lead to the emergence of new subtypes, posing a significant challenge to HIV prevention, control, and treatment, suggesting that behavioral counseling and health education for all HIV-infected individuals are still crucial during the antiviral therapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2024.0100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T04:45:57Z","timestamp":1719981957000},"page":"348-357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Dual Infection of Different Clusters of HIV in People Living with HIV Worldwide: A Meta-Analysis Based on Next-Generation Sequencing Studies"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5669-5232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Defu","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV\/AIDS Research, Central Laboratory, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for HIV\/AIDS Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxia","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV\/AIDS Research, Central Laboratory, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for HIV\/AIDS Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lifeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV\/AIDS Research, Central Laboratory, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for HIV\/AIDS Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV\/AIDS Research, Central Laboratory, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for HIV\/AIDS Research, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Global HIV & AIDS statistics\u2014Fact sheet. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/fact-sheet [Last accessed: April12 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","unstructured":"UNAIDS. In Danger: UNAIDS global aids update 2022. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/2022-global-aids-update_en.pdf [Last accessed: April12 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Global AIDS Strategy 2021-2026\u2014End Inequalities. End AIDS. 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/global-AIDS-strategy-2021-2026_en.pdf [Last accessed: April12 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","unstructured":"HIV-Sequence-Database. HIV Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRFs). 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.hiv.lanl.gov\/content\/sequence\/HIV\/CRFs\/CRFs.html [Last accessed: April12 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30647-9"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","first-page":"19","article-title":"HIV molecular epidemic research in China","volume":"29","author":"Shao YM","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shao YM, , Su L, , Xing H, et al. HIV molecular epidemic research in China. Bull Med Res, 2000; 29(11):19\u201320.","journal-title":"Bull Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2014.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047289"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","first-page":"137","article-title":"Progress in research and practice of molecular epidemiology of HIV-1","volume":"4","author":"Zhong P","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhong P. 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