{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T12:51:42Z","timestamp":1784551902345,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Patient Care and STDs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In clinical trials, once-daily oral tenofovir-based pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) significantly reduced HIV-1 acquisition risk; however, this was highly dependent on medication adherence and persistence. We report clinical characteristics, PrEP usage patterns, first evidence of HIV-1, and associated risk factors among adults with commercial insurance using oral PrEP in the United States using health plan claims from the IQVIA PharMetrics\u00ae Plus database between January 1, 2015, and March 31, 2020, from individuals who newly initiated emtricitabine\/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC\/TDF) or FTC\/tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) for daily PrEP. Overall, 25,419 individuals were included (FTC\/TDF,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 24,232; FTC\/TAF,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1187), with generally similar characteristics reported during the 6-month baseline period across cohorts. Mean follow-up length was 504 and 77 days for FTC\/TDF and FTC\/TAF, respectively, corresponding with the 2019 approval of FTC\/TAF for PrEP. Similarly, mean PrEP use duration was 354 and 68 days for FTC\/TDF and FTC\/TAF, respectively. PrEP breaks (&gt;90-day gap) were observed in 11.1% of individuals using FTC\/TDF, with a mean break duration of 249 days; 20.0% of individuals using FTC\/TDF and 7.3% using FTC\/TAF had \u22651 sexually transmitted infection diagnosis during follow-up. From 6 to 12 months of follow-up, mean FTC\/TDF proportion of days covered (PDC; 0.74 vs. 0.67) and persistence (70.2% vs. 57.4%) decreased; real-world PDC and persistence were lower than reported in globally conducted clinical trials. First evidence of HIV-1 was infrequent among individuals using FTC\/TDF (0.6%), though 60.3% had PrEP on hand when HIV-1 definition was met; high-risk sexual behavior, syphilis, and gonorrhea were the most important risk factors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2024.0158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T04:18:27Z","timestamp":1730953107000},"page":"495-506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV-1: An Assessment of Oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Usage Patterns, First Evidence of HIV-1, and HIV-1 Risk Factors in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Alan","family":"Oglesby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ViiV Healthcare, Durham, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Germain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe d\u2019analyse, Lt\u00e9e, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aimee A.","family":"Metzner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ViiV Healthcare, Durham, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Lalibert\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe d\u2019analyse, Lt\u00e9e, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean D.","family":"MacKnight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe d\u2019analyse, Lt\u00e9e, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalise","family":"Hilts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe d\u2019analyse, Lt\u00e9e, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Swygard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ViiV Healthcare, Durham, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei S.","family":"Duh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analysis Group, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV Basics: Statistics. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/basics\/statistics.html [Last accessed: January16 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/m21-0065"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(13)61809-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV Prevention Works. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/policies\/hip\/works.html [Last accessed: January16 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. US Public Health Service: Preexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection in the United States\u20142021 Update: A clinical practice guideline. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/pdf\/risk\/prep\/cdc-hiv-prep-guidelines-2021.pdf [Last accessed: January16 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.22246"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","volume-title":"Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, testing, treatment, service delivery and monitoring: recommendations for a public health approach","year":"2021","unstructured":"Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, testing, treatment, service delivery and monitoring: recommendations for a public health approach. World Health Organization: Geneva; 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.14461"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","unstructured":"US Department of Health & Human Services and US Food and Drug Administration. Truvada for PrEP Fact Sheet: Ensuring Safe and Proper Use. Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/files\/drugs\/published\/Truvada-for-PrEP-Fact-Sheet\u2013Ensuring-Safe-and-Proper-Use.pdf [Last accessed: January16 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. News Release: FDA approves second drug to prevent HIV infection as part of ongoing efforts to end the HIV epidemic. Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-approves-second-drug-prevent-hiv-infection-part-ongoing-efforts-end-hiv-epidemic [Last accessed: January16 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. News Release: FDA approves first injectable treatment for HIV pre-exposure prevention. Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-approves-first-injectable-treatment-hiv-pre-exposure-prevention [Last accessed: April2 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","unstructured":"Gilead. Press Release: U.S. Food and Drug Administration approves expanded indication for Truvada\u00ae (emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) for reducing the risk of acquiring HIV-1 in adolescents. Available from: https:\/\/www.gilead.com\/news\/news-details\/2018\/us-food-and-drug-administration-approves-expanded-indication-for-truvada-emtricitabine-and-tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate-for-reducing-the-risk-of-acquiring-hiv-1-in-adolescents [Last accessed: August23 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV Basics: About PrEP. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/basics\/prep\/about-prep.html [Last accessed: January25 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1108524"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1011205"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(15)00056-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1110711"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)31065-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2352-3018(15)00206-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/qai.0000000000000172"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(14)70847-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(22)00538-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2101016"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/qai.0000000000001129"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.4683"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.2007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/qai.0000000000001179"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/qai.0000000000001165"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.7445"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2018.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2018.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2022.0198"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2023.0158"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000182534.19832.83"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/qad.0000000000000647"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000248337.97814.66"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/coh.0000000000000220"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab152"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172354"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-020-00384-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2023.00808"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2022.100486"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19691-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-020-02807-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2021.0219"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_2","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Falkson SR","year":"2024","unstructured":"Falkson SR, , Srinivasan VN. Health maintenance organization. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing: Treasure Island (FL); 2024. [Updated 2023 Mar 6]. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK554454\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2468-2667(22)00106-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_2","volume-title":"National HIV\/AIDS Strategy for the United States 2022\u20132025","author":"The White House","year":"2021","unstructured":"The White House. National HIV\/AIDS Strategy for the United States 2022\u20132025. The White House: Washington, DC; 2021."}],"container-title":["AIDS Patient Care and STDs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/apc.2024.0158","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/apc.2024.0158","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/apc.2024.0158","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:08:44Z","timestamp":1777399724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/apc.2024.0158"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/apc.2024.0158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/apc.2024.0158","relation":{},"ISSN":["1087-2914","1557-7449"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1087-2914","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7449","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}}}