{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T03:47:09Z","timestamp":1777434429130,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants &amp; Redox Signaling"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aims:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the most aggressive malignant disease, ranking as the fourth most leading cause of cancer-related death among men and women in the United States. In this study, we provide evidence of chemotherapeutic effects of \u03b1-mangostin, a dietary antioxidant isolated from the pericarp of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Garcinia mangostana<\/jats:italic>\n                    L. against human PC.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    The chemotherapeutic effect of \u03b1-mangostin was determined using four human PC cells (PL-45, PANC1, BxPC3, and ASPC1). \u03b1-Mangostin resulted in a significant inhibition of PC cells viability without having any effects on normal human pancreatic duct epithelial cells. \u03b1-Mangostin showed a dose-dependent increase of apoptosis in PC cells. Also, \u03b1-mangostin inhibited the expression levels of pNF-\u03baB\/p65Ser552, pStat3Ser727, and pStat3Tyr705. \u03b1-Mangostin inhibited DNA binding activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-\u03baB) and signal transducer and activator 3 (Stat3). \u03b1-Mangostin inhibited the expression levels of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), cyclin D1, and gp130; however, increased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) was observed in PC cells. In addition, i.p. administration of \u03b1-mangostin (6\u2009mg\/kg body weight, 5 days a week) resulted in a significant inhibition of both primary (PL-45) and secondary (ASPC1) human PC cell-derived orthotopic and ectopic xenograft tumors in athymic nude mice. No sign of toxicity was observed in any of the mice administered with \u03b1-mangostin. \u03b1-Mangostin treatment inhibited the biomarkers of cell proliferation (Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA]) in the xenograft tumor tissues.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Innovation:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    We present, for the first time, that dietary antioxidant \u03b1-mangostin inhibits the growth of PC cells\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    These results suggest the potential therapeutic efficacy of \u03b1-mangostin against human PC.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Antioxid. Redox Signal.<\/jats:italic>\n                    21, 682\u2013699.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,3]],"date-time":"2013-12-03T02:49:28Z","timestamp":1386038968000},"page":"682-699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["\u03b1-Mangostin: A Dietary Antioxidant Derived from the Pericarp of\n                    <i>Garcinia mangostana<\/i>\n                    L. Inhibits Pancreatic Tumor Growth in Xenograft Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Bilal Bin","family":"Hafeez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ala","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph W.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashok","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weixiong","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Ozair","family":"Shekhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Meske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Havighurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"KyungMann","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ajit Kumar","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-12-104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms9030355"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/IJGC:31:1-3:71"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1206390"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1204168"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-3350"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-09-0838"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000108955"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e31823cdd10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-9966-29-51"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-4804(03)00354-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf1042757"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.09.096"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004334"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0605-595"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.20199"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","first-page":"2485","article-title":"Panaxanthone isolated from pericarp of Garcinia mangostana L. suppresses tumor growth and metastasis of a mouse model of mammary cancer","volume":"29","author":"Doi H","year":"2009","unstructured":"Doi H, , Shibata MA, , Shibata E, , Morimoto J, , Akao Y, , Iinuma M, , Tanigawa N, , and Otsuki Y. 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