{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T01:16:11Z","timestamp":1784510171594,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants &amp; Redox Signaling"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aims:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    The developing brain of a neonate is particularly susceptible to damage by vitamin C deficiency because of its rapid growth and immature antioxidant system. Cognitive impairment and sensory motor deficits are found in the adult brain upon vitamin C deficiency. Therefore, the aim of this study was to clarify the role of vitamin C in its own right and its related mechanisms in Gulo\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice incapable of synthesizing vitamin C.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    When vitamin C supplementation was ceased for 2 weeks until delivery, stillbirths and a significant reduction in neonatal mice were observed and the growth of neonates was remarkably decreased. In addition, intraparenchymal hemorrhages were found in most of the brains, especially in the stillborn neonates. In addition, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-isoprostanes were increased and structural abnormalities were found in the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Especially, vitamin C deficiency caused the failure of or a delay in the formation of cerebellar fissures accompanied by abnormal foliation and altered Purkinje cell alignment. In the developed adult brains from vitamin C-deficient Gulo\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice, the levels of glutathione, MDA, nitrate, IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, and Bax were increased and the expression of the GABRA6 and calbindin-28k was decreased. Due to atrophy of the granule and Purkinje cells, the motor behavior of vitamin C-deficient Gulo\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice declined.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Innovation and Conclusion:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Vitamin C deficiency during gestation induces intraparenchymal hemorrhages and severe defects in the development of the cerebellum. In fully developed brains, it induces the functional impairment by altering the cellular composition in the cerebellum.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Antioxid. Redox Signal<\/jats:italic>\n                    . 23, 1270\u20131283.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2014.6043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]],"date-time":"2015-05-15T11:02:38Z","timestamp":1431687758000},"page":"1270-1283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Vitamin C Deficiency Causes Severe Defects in the Development of the Neonatal Cerebellum and in the Motor Behaviors of\n                    <i>\n                      Gulo\n                      <sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/sup>\n                    <\/i>\n                    Mice"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Hyemin","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University College of Medicine"},{"name":"Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yejin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyeon","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Hyeon","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirim","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyea","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-il","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Seung","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University College of Medicine"},{"name":"Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wang Jae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1434"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2012.4756"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/1268"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(99)00119-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/180553a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0305799101"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"e2609","article-title":"Measuring motor coordination in mice","volume":"75","author":"Deacon RM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Deacon RM. 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