{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T16:14:01Z","timestamp":1789229641038,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants &amp; Redox Signaling"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pharmacological treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have not resulted in desirable clinical efficacy over 100 years. Hydrogen peroxide (H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), a reactive and the most stable compound of reactive oxygen species, contributes to oxidative stress in AD patients. In this study, we designed a medical device to emit red light at 630\u2009\u00b1\u200915\u2009nm from a light-emitting diode (LED-RL) and investigated whether the LED-RL reduces brain H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      levels and improves memory in senescence-accelerated prone 8 mouse (SAMP8) model of age-related dementia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We found that age-associated H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      directly inhibited formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH). FDH inactivity and semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) disorder resulted in endogenous formaldehyde (FA) accumulation. Unexpectedly, excess FA, in turn, caused acetylcholine (Ach) deficiency by inhibiting choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Interestingly, the 630\u2009nm red light can penetrate the skull and the abdomen with light penetration rates of \u223c49% and \u223c43%, respectively. Illumination with LED-RL markedly activated both catalase and FDH in the brains, cultured cells, and purified protein solutions, all reduced brain H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and FA levels and restored brain Ach contents. Consequently, LED-RL not only prevented early-stage memory decline but also rescued late-stage memory deficits in SAMP8 mice.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Innovation:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We developed a phototherapeutic device with 630\u2009nm red light, and this LED-RL reduced brain H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      levels and reversed age-related memory disorders.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The phototherapy of LED-RL has low photo toxicity and high rate of tissue penetration and noninvasively reverses aging-associated cognitive decline. This finding opens a promising opportunity to translate LED-RL into clinical treatment for patients with dementia.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Antioxid. Redox Signal.<\/jats:italic>\n                      00, 000\u2013000.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2018.7520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]],"date-time":"2018-06-05T08:23:11Z","timestamp":1528186991000},"page":"1432-1449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Illumination with 630\u2009nm Red Light Reduces Oxidative Stress and Restores Memory by Photo-Activating Catalase and Formaldehyde Dehydrogenase in SAMP8 Mice"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Jingnan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University","place":["China"]},{"name":"Center for Cognitive Disorders","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangpei","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongjun","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shantou University Medical College","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University","place":["China"]},{"name":"Center for Cognitive Disorders","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufei","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University","place":["China"]},{"name":"Zhejiang University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieran","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central China Normal University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shumao","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central China Normal University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central China Normal University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binggui","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shantou University Medical College","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongqiao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University","place":["China"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Brain &amp; Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University","place":["China"]},{"name":"Xuanwu Hospital of the Capital Medical University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihui","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University","place":["China"]},{"name":"Center for Cognitive Disorders","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqian","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2016.6860"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.596148"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","first-page":"853","article-title":"Why an oxygen and not a nitrogen atom as proximal ligand in catalase ? 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