{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T03:59:37Z","timestamp":1777435177216,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"16-18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants &amp; Redox Signaling"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Epidemiological investigations have indicated low resistance toward nitrofuran in clinical isolates, suggesting its potential application in the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, it is valuable to explore the mechanism of bacterial resistance to nitrofuran.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Through phenotypic screening of ten multiple antibiotic resistance regulator (MarR) proteins in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                      , we discovered that the regulator VnrR (VCA1058) plays a crucial role in defending against nitrofuran, specifically furazolidone (FZ). Our findings demonstrate that VnrR responds to FZ metabolites, such as hydroxylamine, methylglyoxal, hydrogen peroxide (H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), \u03b2-hydroxyethylhydrazine. Notably, VnrR exhibits reversible responses to the addition of H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      through three cysteine residues (Cys180, Cys223, Cys247), leading to the derepression of its upstream gene,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vnrA<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vca1057<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). Gene\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vnrA<\/jats:italic>\n                      encodes a novel nitroreductase, which directly contributes to the degradation of FZ. Our study reveals that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                      metabolizes FZ\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">via<\/jats:italic>\n                      the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vnrR\u2013vnrA<\/jats:italic>\n                      system and achieves resistance to FZ with the assistance of the classical reactive oxygen\/nitrogen species scavenging pathway.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Innovation and Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study represents a significant advancement in understanding the antibiotic resistance mechanisms of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and other pathogens. Our findings demonstrate that the MarR family regulator, VnrR, responds to the FZ metabolite H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , facilitating the degradation and detoxification of this antibiotic in a thiol-dependent manner. These insights not only enrich our knowledge of antibiotic resistance but also provide new perspectives for the control and prevention of multidrug-resistant bacteria.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2022.0205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T04:09:48Z","timestamp":1695528588000},"page":"926-942","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Thiol-Based Modification of MarR Protein VnrR Regulates Resistance Toward Nitrofuran in\n                    <i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>\n                    By Promoting the Expression of a Novel Nitroreductase VnrA and of NO-Detoxifying Enzyme HmpA"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Xiaoman","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of 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