{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:09:34Z","timestamp":1791317374496,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":166,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]],"date-time":"2019-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]],"date-time":"2019-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564358400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Astrobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To ensure that scientific investments in space exploration are not compromised by terrestrial contamination of celestial bodies, special care needs to be taken to preserve planetary conditions for future astrobiological exploration. Significant effort has been made and is being taken to address planetary protection in the context of inner Solar System exploration. In particular for missions to Mars, detailed internationally accepted guidelines have been established. For missions to the icy moons in the outer Solar System, Europa and Enceladus, the planetary protection requirements are so far based on a probabilistic approach and a conservative estimate of poorly known parameters. One objective of the European Commission-funded project, Planetary Protection of Outer Solar System, was to assess the existing planetary protection approach, to identify inherent knowledge gaps, and to recommend scientific investigations necessary to update the requirements for missions to the icy moons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2018.1996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]],"date-time":"2019-02-14T10:39:37Z","timestamp":1550140777000},"page":"951-974","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Biological Contamination Prevention for Outer Solar System Moons of Astrobiological Interest: What Do We Need to Know?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Petra","family":"Rettberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group Astrobiology, Radiation Biology Department, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, K\u00f6ln, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEMM\u2014Group for Extreme and Marine Microbiology, Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Brucato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri, National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), Florence, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Cabezas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Connect\u2013European Science Foundation (ESF), Strasbourg, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wheaton College, Massachusetts, Norton, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alissa","family":"Haddaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Committee on Space Research (COSPAR), Montpellier, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Kminek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Committee on Space Research (COSPAR), Montpellier, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Leuko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group Astrobiology, Radiation Biology Department, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, K\u00f6ln, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"McKenna-Lawlor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Technology Ireland Ltd., Maynooth, Ireleand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Moissl-Eichinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Louis","family":"Fellous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wheaton College, Massachusetts, Norton, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Olsson-Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering &amp; Mathematics, School of Environment, Earth &amp; Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Pearce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Rabbow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group Astrobiology, Radiation Biology Department, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, K\u00f6ln, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Royle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Department of Earth Science &amp; Engineering, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Consultant for the US National Academies of Sciences (NAS), Washington, District of Columbia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Sephton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Department of Earth Science &amp; Engineering, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andy","family":"Spry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl Sagan Center, SETI, Mountain View, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Connect\u2013European Science Foundation (ESF), Strasbourg, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Wimmer Schweingruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Abteilung Extraterrestrische Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Charles","family":"Treuet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eurospace, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.040139-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2017.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5385.2019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1758-2229.2011.00264.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gpb.2015.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01219343"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2012.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01321"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-010-9785-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pss.2013.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-011-0718-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","first-page":"328","article-title":"Characterization of heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria with respiratory ammonification and denitirification activity\u2014description of Paenibacillus uligunis sp","volume":"33","author":"Behrendt U.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Behrendt U., , Schumann P., , Stieglmeier M., , Pukall R., , Augustin J., , Spr\u00f6er C., , Schwendner P., , Moissl-Eichinger C., , and Ulrich A. (2010) Characterization of heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria with respiratory ammonification and denitirification activity\u2014description of Paenibacillus uligunis sp. nov., an inhabitant of fen peat soil and Paenibacillus purispattii sp. nov., isolated from a spacecraft assembly clean room. Syst Appl Microbiol, 33:328\u2013336.","journal-title":"nov., an inhabitant of fen peat soil and Paenibacillus purispattii sp. nov., isolated from a spacecraft assembly clean room. Syst Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.021428-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Damage escape and repair in dried Chroococcidiopsis spp","volume":"11","author":"Billi D.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Billi D., , Viaggiu E., , Cockell C.S., , Rabbow E., , Horneck G., , and Onofri S. (2011) Damage escape and repair in dried Chroococcidiopsis spp. from hot and cold deserts exposed to simulated space and martian conditions. Astrobiology, 11:65\u201373.","journal-title":"from hot and cold deserts exposed to simulated space and martian conditions. Astrobiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-23-3-238"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00268"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1473550414000123"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.64690-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.65405-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-009-9625-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2944(68)90006-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","unstructured":"Chen F. La Duc M.T. Baker A. Koukol R. Barengoltz J. Kern R. and Venkateswaran K. (2001) Developing Planetary Protection Technology: Microbial Diversity and Radiation Resistance of Microorganisms in a Spacecraft Assembly Facility. American Geophysical Union 2001 Fall Meeting December 10\u201314 San Francisco. Available online at https:\/\/trs.jpl.nasa.gov\/bitstream\/handle\/2014\/13201\/01-1889.pdf?sequence=1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2015.1295"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/icar.2000.6498"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2015.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Predictions of space radiation fatality risk for exploration missions","volume":"13","author":"Cucinotta F.A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cucinotta F.A., , To K., , and Cacao E. (2017) Predictions of space radiation fatality risk for exploration missions. Life Sci Space Res, 13:1\u201311.","journal-title":"Life Sci Space Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.15.4461-4471.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2009.0439"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2014.1193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954102010000404"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","volume-title":"Microbial Examination of Flight Hardware and Cleanrooms","author":"ECSS-Q-ST-70-55C","year":"2008","unstructured":"ECSS-Q-ST-70-55C. (2008) Microbial Examination of Flight Hardware and Cleanrooms. ESA Requirements and Standards Division, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","volume-title":"Dry Heat Bioburden Reduction for Flight Hardware","author":"ECSS-Q-ST-70-57C","year":"2013","unstructured":"ECSS-Q-ST-70-57C. (2013) Dry Heat Bioburden Reduction for Flight Hardware. ESA Requirements and Standards Division, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00792-017-0957-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-010-9719-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/am.30.4.546-550.1975"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0723-2020(88)80044-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","volume-title":"Int J Syst Bacteriol","author":"Franzmann P.D.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Franzmann P.D., , Liu Y., , Balkwill D.L., , Aldrich H.C., , Conway de Macario E., , and Boone D.R. (1997) Methanogenium frigidum sp.nov., a psychrophilic, H2-using methanogen from Ace Lake, Antarctica. Int J Syst Bacteriol, 47:1068\u20131072."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2007.116"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-012-4642-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Saturn radiation (SATRAD) model","volume":"05","author":"Garrett H.G.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Garrett H.G., , Ratliff J.M., , and Evans R.W. (2005) Saturn radiation (SATRAD) model. JPL Publ, 05-9:1\u2013116.","journal-title":"JPL Publ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2009.0396"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","volume-title":"ICRC 2007 Proceedings of the 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference","author":"Gieseler J.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gieseler J., , Heber B., , Dunzlaff P., , M\u00fcller-Mellin R., , Klassen A., , Gomez-Herrero R., , Kunow H., , Wimmer-Schweingruber R., , and Mewaldt R.A. (2008) The radial gradient of galactic cosmic rays: ulysses KET and ACE CRIS measurements. ICRC 2007 Proceedings of the 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference, July 3\u201311, 2007, M\u00e9rida, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","article-title":"Hydrothermal plume dynamics on Europa: Implications for chaos formation","volume":"109","author":"Goodman J.C.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Goodman J.C., , Collins G.C., , Marshall J., , and Pierrehumbert R.T. (2004) Hydrothermal plume dynamics on Europa: Implications for chaos formation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 109 (E3).","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","first-page":"1249","article-title":"Life at low water activity","volume":"359","author":"Grant W.D.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Grant W.D. (2004) Life at low water activity. Philos Trans R Soc London Ser B Biol Sci, 359:1249\u20131266.","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc London Ser B Biol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","volume-title":"Jupiter: The Planet, Satellites and Magnetosphere","author":"Greeley R.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Greeley R., , Chyba C.F., , Head J.W.I., , McCord T.B., , McKinnon W.B., , Pappalardo R.T., , and Figueredo P.H. (2004) Geology of Europa. In Jupiter: The Planet, Satellites and Magnetosphere, edited by W.B. McKinnon, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Chapter 15, 2004."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","first-page":"954","article-title":"Bacterial redox sensors","volume":"2","author":"Green J.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Green J., and Paget M.S. (2004) Bacterial redox sensors. Nat Rev, 2:954\u2013967.","journal-title":"Nat Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2009.0386"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","first-page":"829","article-title":"Detecting the nonviable and heat-tolerant bacteria in activated sludge by minimizing DNA from dead cells","volume":"67","author":"Guo F.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guo F., and Zhang T. (2014) Detecting the nonviable and heat-tolerant bacteria in activated sludge by minimizing DNA from dead cells. Environ Microbiol, 67:829\u2013836.","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2013.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-012-9913-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2014.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00792-014-0664-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","first-page":"177","article-title":"Comprehensive measurement of microbial burden in nutrient-deprived cleanrooms","volume":"2017","author":"Henrickson R.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Henrickson R., , Lundgren P., , Mohan G.B.M., , Urbaniak C., , Bernardini J.N., , and Venakateswaran K. (2017) Comprehensive measurement of microbial burden in nutrient-deprived cleanrooms. ICES, 2017:177.","journal-title":"ICES"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0273-1177(94)90448-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0273-1177(94)90484-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0273-1177(95)00279-N"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1011-1344(95)07219-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14262"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01561"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1250551"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2005.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/icar.2000.6471"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2005.5.391"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/27394"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_1","first-page":"571","volume-title":"Europa","author":"Khurana K.K.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Khurana K.K., , Kivelson M.G., , Hand K.P., , and Russel C.T. (2008) Electromagnetic induction from Europa's ocean and the deep interior. In Europa, edited by Pappalardo R.T., , McKinnon W.B., , and Khurana K.. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp 571\u2013586."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2015.1306"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5483.1340"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/icar.2002.6834"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.srt.2017.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-2920.2003.00496.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-003-1012-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.02747-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01073-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01435-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-003-1029-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_1","volume-title":"Brock Biology of Microorganisms","author":"Madigan M.T.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Madigan M.T., , Martinko J.M., , Dunlap P.V., and Clark D.P. 2009. Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 12 th ed. Pearson Benjamin-Cummings, San Francisco.","edition":"12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_1","unstructured":"Mahaffy P.R. Beaty D.W. Anderson M.S. Aveni G. Bada J.L. Clemett S.J. Des Marais D.J. Douglas S. Dworkin J.P. Kern R.G. Papanastassiou D.A. Palluconi F.D. Simmonds J.J. Steele A. Waite J.H. and Zent A.P. (2004) Science priorities related to the organic contamination of martian landers. Unpublished white paper 32 pp posted November 2004. https:\/\/mepag.jpl.nasa.gov\/reports\/OCSSG_final_report_Nov_2004.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.161.2.789-791.1985"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.24.7260-7272.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2010.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2014.1158"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2003.11.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_1","unstructured":"Meltzer M. (2011) When Biospheres Collide: A History of NASA's Planetary Protection Programs. NASA-SP-2011-4234. ISBN-978-0-16-085327-2. US Government Printing Office (http:\/\/bookstore.gpo.gov) P.O. Box 979050 St. Louis Missouri USA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_1","first-page":"e00218","article-title":"KatharoSeq enables high-throughput microbiome analysis from low-biomass samples","volume":"3","author":"Minich J.J.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Minich J.J., , Zhu Q., , Janssen S., , Hendrickson R., , Amir A., , Vetter R., , Hyde J., , Doty M.M., , Stillwell K., , Benardini J., , Kim J.H., , Allen E.E., , Venkateswaran K., , and Knight R. (2018) KatharoSeq enables high-throughput microbiome analysis from low-biomass samples. Novel Systems Biol Tech, 3:e00218-17.","journal-title":"Novel Systems Biol Tech"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2016.1571"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2012.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2007.00360.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2007.98"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2010.124"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2012.0906"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep09156"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuw015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_1","first-page":"223","article-title":"Photobiology and radiobiology of Micrococcus (Deinococcus) radiodurans","volume":"7","author":"Moseley B.E.B.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Moseley B.E.B. (1983) Photobiology and radiobiology of Micrococcus (Deinococcus) radiodurans. Photochem Photobiol Rev, 7:223\u2013274.","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002030050566"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.035782-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_1","volume-title":"Handbook for the Microbial Examination of Space Hardware","author":"NASA-HDBK-6022","year":"2010","unstructured":"NASA-HDBK-6022. (2010) Handbook for the Microbial Examination of Space Hardware, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC, 20546-0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2009.0402"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1473550408004254"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.009167-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.64.3.548-572.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_103_1","first-page":"310","article-title":"Comparison of propidium monoazide with ethidium monoazide for differentiation of live vs","volume":"67","author":"Nocker A.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nocker A., , Cheung C.Y., , and Camper A.K. (2006) Comparison of propidium monoazide with ethidium monoazide for differentiation of live vs. dead bacteria by selective removal of DNA from dead cells. J Microbiol Methods, 67:310\u2013320.","journal-title":"dead bacteria by selective removal of DNA from dead cells. J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnx146"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.64085-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2182"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1998JE000628"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2007GL030834"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2008.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_110_1","first-page":"529","volume-title":"Europa","author":"Paranicas C.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Paranicas C., , Cooper J., , Garrett H.B., , Johnson R.E., , Sturner S.J. (2009) Europa's radiation environment and its effects on the surface. In Europa, edited by W.M. Rt Pappalardo, K. Khurana., University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, pp. 529\u2013544."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2015.1412"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2015.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2012GL052166"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-6496(00)00025-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02167-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_116_1","first-page":"48","article-title":"Microbial contamination associated with the Apollo 6 spacecraft during final assembly and testing","volume":"2","author":"Puleo J.R.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Puleo J.R., , Fields N.D., , Moore B, , and Graves R.C. (1970a) Microbial contamination associated with the Apollo 6 spacecraft during final assembly and testing. Space Life Sci, 2:48\u201356.","journal-title":"Space Life Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/am.20.3.384-389.1970"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/am.26.6.838-845.1973"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.33.2.379-384.1977"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01346"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01533"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02524-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.85.3.595-603.1963"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1473550406002916"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5193(78)90164-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2006.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_127_1","volume-title":"Review of the MEPAG Report on Mars Special Regions","author":"Rettberg P.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rettberg P., , Anesio A., , Baker V., , Baross J.A., , Cady S.L., , Foreman C.M., , Hauber E., , Ori G.B., , Pearce D., , Renno N., , Ruvkun G., , Sattler B., , Saunders M.P., , Wagner D., , and Westall F. (2015) Review of the MEPAG Report on Mars Special Regions. National Academy Press, Washington, DC."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2016.1472"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/b52-013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.55.4.621-648.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.3.857-860.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2014.1227"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.64189-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_134_1","first-page":"181","volume-title":"Europa","author":"Schenk P.M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schenk P.M., and Turtle E.P. (2009) Europa's impact craters: probes of the icy shell. In Europa, edited by Pappalardo R.T., , McKinnon W.B., , and Khurana K., University of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp. 181\u2013198."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-5539-0_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4365\/aae48e"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_137_1","first-page":"499","article-title":"Classification of Pseudomonas diminuta Leifson and Hugh 1954 and Pseudomonas vesicularis B\u00fcsing, D\u00f6ll, and Freytag 1953 in Brevundimonas gen","volume":"44","author":"Segers P. V","year":"1994","unstructured":"Segers P. V, , ancanneyt M., , Pot B., , Torck U., , Hoste B., , Dewettnick D., , Falsen E., , Kersters K., , and De Vos P. (1994) Classification of Pseudomonas diminuta Leifson and Hugh 1954 and Pseudomonas vesicularis B\u00fcsing, D\u00f6ll, and Freytag 1953 in Brevundimonas gen. nov. as Brevundimonas diminuta comb. nov. and Brevundimonas vesicularis comb. nov., respectively. Int J Syst Bacteriol, 44:499\u2013510.","journal-title":"nov. as Brevundimonas diminuta comb. nov. and Brevundimonas vesicularis comb. nov., respectively. Int J Syst Bacteriol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_138_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"An Introduction to Astrobiology","author":"Sephton M.A.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sephton M.A. (2004) Origin of life. In An Introduction to Astrobiology, edited by I. Gilmour and M.A. Sephtons, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 1\u201341."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1068018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2015.1417"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_141_1","volume-title":"Assessment of Planetary Protection Requirements for Spacecraft Missions to Icy Solar System Bodies","author":"Sogin M.L.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sogin M.L., , Collins G., , Baker A., , Baross J.A., , Barr A., , Boynton W.V., , Cockell C.S., , Daly M.J., , Fragola J.A., , Lopes R.M.C., , Nealson K.H., , Stetson D.S., , and Thiemens M.H. (2012) Assessment of Planetary Protection Requirements for Spacecraft Missions to Icy Solar System Bodies. National Academies Press, Washington, DC."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5419.1514"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-earth-050212-124025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life5031487"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2014.219"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00345-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02565-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2011.0735"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2004.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_151_1","first-page":"285","article-title":"Studies on the growth of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans","volume":"88","author":"Tuovinen O.H.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Tuovinen O.H., and Kelly D.P. (1973) Studies on the growth of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Arch Microbiol, 88:285\u2013298.","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07571"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2009.0443"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.047134-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2012.114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_156_1","first-page":"3441","article-title":"Deinococcus phoenicis sp. nov., an extreme ionizing-radiation-resistant bacterium isolated from the Phoenix Lander assembly facility","volume":"64","author":"Vaishampayan P.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vaishampayan P., , Roberts A.H., , Augustus A., , Pukall R., , Schumann P., , Schwendner P., , Mayilraj S., , Salmassi T., , and Venkateswaran K. (2014) Deinococcus phoenicis sp. nov., an extreme ionizing-radiation-resistant bacterium isolated from the Phoenix Lander assembly facility. ISME J, 64:3441\u20133446.","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_157_1","first-page":"459","volume-title":"Europa","author":"Vance S.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vance S., and Goodman J. (2009) Oceanography of an ice-covered moon. In Europa, edited by R.T. Pappalardo, W.B. McKinnon, and K. Khurana, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, USA, pp. 459\u2013482."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/0723-2020-00018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7012(02)00192-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.02311-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2013.0978"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aai8703"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.34.2.150-154.1977"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1235989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2007.116"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.034793-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_167_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Detection of microorganism from China's spacecraft assembly cleanroom","author":"Zhang Y.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang Y., , Xin C., , Wang X., , and Deng Y. (2018) Detection of microorganism from China's spacecraft assembly cleanroom. Acta Astronaut. 18.","journal-title":"Acta Astronaut"}],"container-title":["Astrobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/ast.2018.1996","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/ast.2018.1996","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/ast.2018.1996","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:03:03Z","timestamp":1777377783000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/ast.2018.1996"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]]},"references-count":166,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/ast.2018.1996"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ast.2018.1996","relation":{},"ISSN":["1531-1074","1557-8070"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1531-1074","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8070","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]]}}}