{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T01:34:41Z","timestamp":1788226481061,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Astrobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Metal complexes of porphyrins and porphyrin-type compounds are ubiquitous in all three domains of life, with hemes and chlorophylls being the best-known examples. Their diagenetic transformation products are found as geoporphyrins, in which the characteristic porphyrin core structure is retained and which can be up to 1.1 billion years old. Because of this, and their relative ease of detection, metalloporphyrins appear attractive as chemical biosignatures in the search for extraterrestrial life. In this study, we investigated the stability of solid chlorido(2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrinato)iron(III) [FeCl(oep)], which served as a model for heme-like molecules and iron geoporphyrins. [FeCl(oep)] was exposed to a variety of astrobiologically relevant extreme conditions, namely: aqueous acids and bases, oxidants, heat, and radiation. Key results are: (1) the [Fe(oep)]\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    core is stable over the pH range 0.0\u201313.5 even at 80\u00b0C; (2) the oxidizing power follows the order ClO\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    &gt; H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    &gt; ClO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    &gt; HNO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    &gt; ClO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ; (3) in an inert atmosphere, the iron porphyrin is thermally stable to near 250\u00b0C; (4) at high temperatures, carbon dioxide gas is not inert but acts as an oxidant, forming carbon monoxide; (5) a decomposition layer is formed on ultraviolet irradiation and protects the [FeCl(oep)] underneath; (6) an NaCl\/NaHCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    salt mixture has a protective effect against X-rays; and (7) no such effect is observed when [FeCl(oep)] is exposed to iron ion particle radiation. The relevance to potential iron porphyrin biosignatures on Mars, Europa, and Enceladus is discussed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2021.0144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T10:13:42Z","timestamp":1654078422000},"page":"776-799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Chemical, Thermal, and Radiation Resistance of an Iron Porphyrin: A Model Study of Biosignature Stability"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Hannes Lukas","family":"Pleyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Chemical Evolution, Institute of Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2371-0676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralf","family":"Moeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Microbiology Research Group, Radiation Biology Department, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Fujimori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology Group, Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Chiba, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Chemical Evolution, Institute of Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2864-8234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henry","family":"Strasdeit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Chemical Evolution, Institute of Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","first-page":"12787","article-title":"Melting of nucleobases","volume":"21","author":"Abdelaziz A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abdelaziz A, , Zaitsau DH, , Kuratieva NV, et al. 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