{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T01:06:07Z","timestamp":1783731967846,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autism in Adulthood"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous studies have shown an increasing preference for online communication within the autistic advocacy community. Yet, little is known about how online communication facilitates the formation of autistic identity. This qualitative study examined online autobiographical narratives about repetitive and restricted behaviors\u2014specifically \u201cstimming\u201d\u2014produced by autistic adults. The primary goal of this study was to investigate how the production of, and online interactions around, these narratives functioned as collaborative resources for empowered autistic identities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nine blog posts were located that contained autobiographical narratives related to stimming and were analyzed using discourse analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analysis revealed that individual and collective identities were negotiated within narratives through: (1) situating the self in relation to other story characters and the reader in varying ways and (2) connecting the autistic community and solidifying collective ideologically aligned voices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Online blog spaces facilitated the emergence and construction of empowered individual and collective identities for autistic individuals. Future research should continue to focus on how autistic individuals form relationships, create advocacy communities, and cultivate empowered identities within online spaces.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Lay Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Why was this study done and what was the purpose of this study?<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>More autistic individuals are using the internet to communicate, and research has shown that online communication can benefit autistic individuals in various ways. However, there is a lack of understanding of how online communication is related to autistic identity. We examined how autistic bloggers' stories about their stimming experiences contributed to individual and collective autistic identities. Stimming refers to repetitive body movements, movements of objects, and other repetitive and restricted behavior and is considered one of two core features of an autism diagnosis. Although some stakeholders such as educators or parents have tried to get rid of these repetitive movements because they believe that stimming is not an appropriate behavior, autistic and other neurodiversity advocates assert that stimming is beneficial for autistic individuals and is important for developing an autistic identity.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>What did we do?<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We examined nine blog posts written by autistic bloggers using a method referred to as discourse analysis. In each blog post that we analyzed, the author shares their experiences about stimming. Discourse analysis is a method used to explore how people use language to build meaning, including the formation of social identities. Therefore, particular attention was paid to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">how<\/jats:italic>\n                      the bloggers told the narrative (i.e., specific word choices to describe characters within the narrative and verb tense).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>What were the results and implications of the study?<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>We found that by sharing stories about their stimming experience in the context of blog posts, autistic individuals developed empowered individual and collective autistic identities and challenged dominant and neurotypical social norms. Also, within online space, autistic individuals formed social relationships and connections that contributed to a collective identity. More research on how autistic individuals develop supportive relationships and form advocacy communities within online spaces is needed to promote emotional well-being and overall quality of life in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/aut.2018.0029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]],"date-time":"2019-03-11T09:33:12Z","timestamp":1552296792000},"page":"69-78","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Negotiation of Individual and Collective Identities in the Online Discourse of Autistic Adults"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"So Yoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Teacher Education, Special Education, and Curriculum and Instruction, Lynch School of Education, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen","family":"Bottema-Beutel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Teacher Education, Special Education, and Curriculum and Instruction, Lynch School of Education, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/0047-6765(2006)44[315:CAAIAV]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09687590701337967"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14649360802382586"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Neurodiversity","volume":"2","author":"Glannon W.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Glannon W. Neurodiversity. J Ment Health. 2007; 2(2):1\u20136.","journal-title":"J Ment Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09687590701659618"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"English Oxford Living Dictionary. 12th ed. Online Oxford University Press; 2008. https:\/\/en.oxforddictionaries.com\/definition\/blog_post; Last accessed August23 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13668250903496336"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"261","article-title":"The social effects of stereotyped behavior","volume":"32","author":"Jones RSP","year":"1990","unstructured":"Jones RSP, , Wint D, , Ellis NC. The social effects of stereotyped behavior. J Ment Defic Res. 1990; 32:261\u2013268.","journal-title":"J Ment Defic Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"194","article-title":"Autistic self-stimulation and intertrial interval duration","volume":"88","author":"Dunlap G","year":"1983","unstructured":"Dunlap G, , Dyer K, , Koegel RL. Autistic self-stimulation and intertrial interval duration. Am J Ment Retard. 1983; 88:194\u2013202.","journal-title":"Am J Ment Retard"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2006.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","volume-title":"Paper presented at: IMFAR: International Meeting for Autism Research; May 14","author":"Steward RL.","unstructured":"Steward RL. Repetitive stereotyped behavior or stimming: An online survey of 100 people on autism spectrum. Paper presented at: IMFAR: International Meeting for Autism Research; May 14, 2015; Salt Lake City, Utah. https:\/\/insar.confex.com\/imfar\/2015\/webprogram\/start.html; Last accessed July 23, 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"Rose J. On Stimming and why \u201cquiet hands\u201ding an Autistic person is wrong. February 10 2013. https:\/\/thecaffeinatedautistic.wordpress.com\/2013\/02\/10\/on-stimming-and-why-quiet-handsing-an-autistic-person-is-wrong; Last accessed June20 2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"Bascom J. Quiet Hands Just Stimming\u2026 October 5 2011. https:\/\/juststimming.wordpress.com\/2011\/10\/05\/-quiethands\/#comments; Last accessed June20 2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","volume-title":"Loud Hands: Autistic People, Speaking","author":"Autistic Self Advocacy Network","year":"2012","unstructured":"Autistic Self Advocacy Network. Loud Hands: Autistic People, Speaking. In: Bascom J, ed. The Autistic Press; 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"Hillary A. My decision not yours. Yes That Too. July 22 2012. http:\/\/yesthattoo.blogspot.com\/search?q=stimming+my+decision; Last accessed June20 2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","unstructured":"The Loud Hands Project. http:\/\/loudhandsproject.org\/about; Last accessed June20 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674041592"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9780748626533"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0047404504334020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00992905"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","first-page":"695","article-title":"Analysis of personal narratives","author":"Riessman C.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Riessman C. Analysis of personal narratives. In: Gubrium JF, Holstein JA, eds. Handbook of Interview Research. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage;, 2002; 695\u2013710.","journal-title":"In: Gubrium JF, Holstein JA, eds. Handbook of Interview Research. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage;"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674029187"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"19","article-title":"How to analyze collective identity in discourse: Textual and contextual parameters","volume":"5","author":"Koller V.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Koller V. How to analyze collective identity in discourse: Textual and contextual parameters. CADAAD. 2012; 5(2):19\u201338.","journal-title":"CADAAD"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511481499"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023341"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0731948712461448"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.1868"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","unstructured":"Lynn E. THAT'S NOT WHAT MAKES ME CRAZY PART 2. A Post-Structural Autistic. June 11 2014. https:\/\/apoststructuralautistic.wordpress.com\/2014\/06\/11\/thats-not-what-makes-me-crazy-part-2; Last accessed June20 2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","first-page":"32","article-title":"The representation of social actors in discourse","author":"Van Leeuwen T.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Van Leeuwen T. The representation of social actors in discourse. In: Caldas-Coulthard CR, Coulthard M, eds. Text and Practices: Readings in Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Routledge; 1996; 32\u201370.","journal-title":"In: Caldas-Coulthard CR, Coulthard M, eds. Text and Practices: Readings in Critical Discourse Analysis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","first-page":"259","article-title":"Narrative and identity formation: An analysis of media personal accounts from patients of cosmetic plastic surgery","author":"Figueiredo DC.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Figueiredo DC. Narrative and identity formation: An analysis of media personal accounts from patients of cosmetic plastic surgery. In: Bazerman C, Bonini A, Figueiredo D, eds. Genre in a Changing World. Fort Collins, Colorado: Parlor Press;, 2009; 259\u2013280.","journal-title":"In: Bazerman C, Bonini A, Figueiredo D, eds. Genre in a Changing World. Fort Collins, Colorado: Parlor Press;"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","first-page":"239","article-title":"Speaking \u201cout\u201d: Ideologies, identities, and individuals in coming out stories","volume":"10","author":"Kim A.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim A. Speaking \u201cout\u201d: Ideologies, identities, and individuals in coming out stories. Online Intersect. 2009; 10(1):239\u2013278.","journal-title":"Online Intersect"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","volume-title":"Forms of Talk","author":"Goffman E.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Goffman E. Forms of Talk. Oxford: Blackwell; 1981."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","first-page":"198","article-title":"Locating Natanya: The situated production of identity artifacts in classroom interaction","volume":"37","author":"Leander KM.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Leander KM. Locating Natanya: The situated production of identity artifacts in classroom interaction. Res Teach Eng. 2002; 37(2):198\u2013250.","journal-title":"Res Teach Eng"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","unstructured":"Bascom J. Response. Just Stimming\u2026. December 13 2011. https:\/\/juststimming.wordpress.com\/2011\/12\/13\/-response; Last accessed June20 2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","unstructured":"Sparrow M. Re: The cost of compliance is unreasonable.. Love Explosion January 31 2013. https:\/\/loveexplosions.net\/2013\/01\/30\/the-cost-of-compliance-is-unreasonable; Last accessed June20 2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","unstructured":"Lindsmith K. Stimming 101 or: How I learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Stim The Artism Spectrum. May 16 2014. https:\/\/kirstenlindsmith.wordpress.com\/2014\/05\/16\/stimming-101-or-how-i-learned-to-stop-worrying-and-love-the-stim; Last accessed June20 2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","unstructured":"Brown L . Having Loud Hands . Autistic Hoya. January 21 2012. www.autistichoya.com\/2012\/01\/having-loud-hands.html; Last accessed June20 2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","first-page":"225","article-title":"Mikey dealing with courts tribunals and politicians","author":"Byrne H","year":"2005","unstructured":"Byrne H, , Byrne T. Mikey dealing with courts tribunals and politicians. In: Keenan M, Henderson M, Kerr KP. Dillenberger K, eds. Applied Behaviour Analysis and Autism: Building a Future Together. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers;, 2005; 225\u2013240.","journal-title":"In: Keenan M, Henderson M, Kerr KP. Dillenberger K, eds. Applied Behaviour Analysis and Autism: Building a Future Together. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers;"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/jj.30347791"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.linged.2012.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461445604041770"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-015-2524-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1558\/cam.v11i2.20371"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Self-determination and quality of life: Implications for special education services and supports","volume":"33","author":"Wehmeyer ML","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wehmeyer ML, , Schalock R. Self-determination and quality of life: Implications for special education services and supports. Focus Except Child. 2001; 33(8):1\u201316.","journal-title":"Focus Except Child"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-017-3400-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2011.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028353"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.cttq9s20"}],"container-title":["Autism in Adulthood"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/aut.2018.0029","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/aut.2018.0029","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/aut.2018.0029","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:46:14Z","timestamp":1777380374000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/aut.2018.0029"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/aut.2018.0029"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/aut.2018.0029","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-9581","2573-959X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-9581","type":"print"},{"value":"2573-959X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]}}}