{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:00:46Z","timestamp":1777456846708,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]],"date-time":"2009-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1243814400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Breastfeeding Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The objective of this prospective study was to determine if\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      is present in the milk of women suffering from symptoms of severe nipple and deep breast pain.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The symptomatic group included women who reported sore, inflamed, or traumatized nipples or intense stabbing or burning pain. The control group included breastfeeding women without symptoms. The skin of the nipple and areola were washed with detergent and thoroughly rinsed. Milk samples were analyzed for (1 \u2192 3)-\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      -\n                      <jats:sc>D<\/jats:sc>\n                      -glucan and grown on\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      growth medium.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was no significant difference in (1 \u2192 3)-\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      -\n                      <jats:sc>D<\/jats:sc>\n                      -glucan levels between the control and symptomatic group. No\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      species were culturable either before or after the addition of iron to stimulate growth, with the exception of one patient. The addition of pure\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      to milk samples suggested that milk does not inhibit\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      growth.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These data suggest that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      is not present in milk ducts and may not be associated with this syndrome.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2008.0144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,6]],"date-time":"2009-06-06T11:49:02Z","timestamp":1244288942000},"page":"57-61","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["The Absence of\n                    <i>Candida albicans<\/i>\n                    in Milk Samples of Women with Clinical Symptoms of Ductal Candidiasis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Thomas W.","family":"Hale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University School of Medicine, Amarillo, Texas."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiffany L.","family":"Bateman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baptist Saint Anthony's Hospital, Amarillo, Texas."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malcolm A.","family":"Finkelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associates of Cape Cod, Inc., East Falmouth, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela D.","family":"Berens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,6]]},"container-title":["Breastfeeding Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/bfm.2008.0144","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/bfm.2008.0144","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:03:02Z","timestamp":1777381382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/bfm.2008.0144"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/bfm.2008.0144"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/bfm.2008.0144","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-8253","1556-8342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-8253","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-8342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]]}}}