{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:41:36Z","timestamp":1777455696288,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,16]],"date-time":"2012-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1331856000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Breastfeeding Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Historical accounts of infant feeding practices can inform our understanding of current-day practices and the ways in which cultural traditions are incorporated into infant care. Pre-revolutionary Russian feeding practices have not previously been summarized, to our knowledge. The purpose of this study is to collect information about pre-revolutionary feeding practices. We may then be able to better understand the motivation for suboptimal practices and tailor feeding messages to the specific population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Materials were collected from libraries and from the Internet regarding medical, demographic, and ethnographic literature of the 19\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      century and early 21\n                      <jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>\n                      century, primarily in Russian.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breastfeeding was pervasive in pre-revolutionary Russia, but suboptimal patterns such as withholding colostrum and early introduction of other foods and liquids were common. Breast problems were treated with folk remedies and comfort measures, some of which are similar to modern-day treatments. Around 1906, child rearing and infant feeding recommendations were subsumed by male physicians espousing the \u201cscientific approach.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many of these medical recommendations were detrimental to the previously successful breastfeeding practices that, despite barriers, had allowed Russian women to continue breastfeeding for 2 years or longer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2011.0153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,16]],"date-time":"2012-03-16T13:00:01Z","timestamp":1331902801000},"page":"514-520","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cultural Practices and Medical Beliefs in Pre-Revolutionary Russia Compared to Modern Textbook Advice: Did Russian Women Breastfeed the \u201cWrong\u201d Way?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Natalie","family":"Gerbeda-Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wichita State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy G.","family":"Powers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wichita State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","volume-title":"Sotsialnaya instoriya Rossii perioda imperii (18th\u2013Beginning of 20th centuries)","author":"Mironov BN","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mironov BN. Sotsialnaya instoriya Rossii perioda imperii (18th\u2013Beginning of 20th centuries) Dmitriy Bulanin: St. Petersburg, 1993."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Zhuk VN. Mat\u2019 i Ditia. Gigiena v Obshedostupnom Izlozhenii. 8th. V.I. Gubinskogo: St. Petersburg 1906. http:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=jWQoAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8F+%D0%96%D1%83%D0%BA&source=bl&ots=IOgn9DBHaU&sig=zOSf5Z65TURQ2rY-I4HPTvUfkXY&hl=en&ei=yIn3TLrjPIGclge9oZCNAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false. 2010 November 2."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Porkrovskiy EA. Fizicheskoe Vospitanie Detey u Raznyh Narodov Preimuschestvenno Rossii. Tipografiya A.A.: Kartseva Moscow 1890. http:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=UwkSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA346&dq=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D1%83+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2&hl=en&ei=F4r3TKyXCIS0lQfL57mWAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false. 2010 October 26."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","volume-title":"Breastfeeding and Human Lactation","author":"Riordan J","year":"2010","unstructured":"Riordan J, , Wambach K. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation, 4th. Jones and Bartlett: Sudbury, MA, 2010.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","volume-title":"Breastfeeding: A Guide for the Medical Profession","author":"Lawrence RA","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lawrence RA, , Lawrence RM. Breastfeeding: A Guide for the Medical Profession, 7th. 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Rodyny i khrestyny. Kievskaya Starina 1898; 5. http:\/\/library.kr.ua\/elib\/malinka\/malinka1.html. 2010 October 16."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"Baiburin AK. Ritual v Traditsionnoy Culture. Struktorno-Semanticheskiy Analyz Vostochnoslavianskih Obriadov. Nauka: St. Petersburg 1993. www.cultinfo.ru\/arts\/folk\/demo\/books\/baybur\/baybur9.htm. 2010 October 12."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"Shangina I. Russkie Deti i Ikh Igry. Iskusstvo\u2013St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg 2000."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"Giliarovskiy FV. Smertnost detey. Issledovanie o rozhdenii i smertnosti detey v Novgorodskoy gubernii. Artemiev AI. 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Indrik: Moscow 2002; 209\u2013224. http:\/\/ec-dejavu.ru\/c\/Cherta_s_dva.html. 2010 October 10."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"99","volume-title":"Lung Biology in Health and Disease, Vol. 147: Sleep and Breathing in Children: A Developmental Approach","author":"McKenna J","year":"2000","unstructured":"McKenna J. Cultural influences on infant and childhood sleep biology and the science that studies it: Toward a more inclusive paradigm. Loughlin GM, , Carroll JL, , Marcos CL. Lung Biology in Health and Disease, Vol. 147: Sleep and Breathing in Children: A Developmental Approach. Marcel Dekker: New York, 2000; 99\u2013130."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","unstructured":"Moscow Department of Health. Posobie dlia roditeley po uhody za rebenkom pervogo goda zhizni. http:\/\/posobie.info\/manuals\/rebenok-vvedenie-prikorma.html. 2010 November 30."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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