{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T17:09:14Z","timestamp":1792084154917,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,20]],"date-time":"2016-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,20]],"date-time":"2016-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Breastfeeding Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to compare outcomes of infants pre and post initiation of a feeding protocol providing an exclusive human milk\u2013based diet (HUM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a multicenter retrospective cohort study, infants with a birth weight &lt;1,250\u2009g who received a bovine-based diet (BOV) of mother's own milk fortified with bovine fortifier and\/or preterm formula were compared to infants who received a newly introduced HUM feeding protocol. Infants were excluded if they had major congenital anomalies or died in the first 12 hours of life. Data were collected 2\u20133 years prior to and after introduction of an exclusive HUM diet. Primary outcomes were necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and mortality. Secondary outcomes included late-onset sepsis, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 1,587 infants were included from four centers in Texas, Illinois, Florida, and California. There were no differences in baseline demographics or growth of infants. The HUM group had significantly lower incidence of proven NEC (16.7% versus 6.9%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.00001), mortality (17.2% versus 13.6%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04), late-onset sepsis (30.3% versus 19.0%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.00001), ROP (9% versus 5.2%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003), and BPD (56.3% versus 47.7%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0015) compared with the BOV group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Extremely premature infants who received an exclusive HUM diet had a significantly lower incidence of NEC and mortality. The HUM group also had a reduction in late-onset sepsis, BPD, and ROP. This multicenter study further emphasizes the many benefits of an exclusive HUM diet, and demonstrates multiple improved outcomes after implementation of such a feeding protocol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2015.0134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,20]],"date-time":"2016-01-20T14:29:57Z","timestamp":1453300197000},"page":"70-74","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":193,"title":["Beyond Necrotizing Enterocolitis Prevention: Improving Outcomes with an Exclusive Human Milk\u2013Based Diet"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Amy B.","family":"Hair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Children's Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison M.","family":"Peluso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Children's Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keli M.","family":"Hawthorne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Children's Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise P.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women and Babies"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janine Y.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"O'Donnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition Services, Northwestern Memorial Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Powers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Good Samaritan Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin L.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prolacta Bioscience"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven A.","family":"Abrams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Children's Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2012.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2013.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3552"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/an.111.000968"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-6-459"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2014.0024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"347","article-title":"Donor human milk in preterm infant feeding: evidence and recommendations","volume":"38","author":"Arslanoglu S","year":"2010","unstructured":"Arslanoglu S, , Ziegler EE, , Moro GE. Donor human milk in preterm infant feeding: evidence and recommendations. J Perinat Med, 2010; 38:347\u2013351.","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-188"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2013.0121"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.10.040"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","article-title":"A new growth chart for preterm babies: Babson and Benda's chart updated with recent data and a new format","volume":"3","author":"Fenton T","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fenton T. A new growth chart for preterm babies: Babson and Benda's chart updated with recent data and a new format. BMC Pediatr, 2003; 3(13).","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197801000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80282-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2011.0002"}],"container-title":["Breastfeeding Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/bfm.2015.0134","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/bfm.2015.0134","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/bfm.2015.0134","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T11:25:06Z","timestamp":1779189906000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/bfm.2015.0134"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,20]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/bfm.2015.0134"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/bfm.2015.0134","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-8253","1556-8342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-8253","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-8342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,20]]}}}