{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T12:06:22Z","timestamp":1779192382381,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,9]],"date-time":"2016-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454976000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Breastfeeding Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women diagnosed with pregnancy-associated breast cancer postpartum have a worse prognosis, stage for stage, than other women with breast cancer. The time of breast involution is tumor promotional. The extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C is upregulated during involution in animal models and promotes breast cancer progression. It interacts with transforming growth factor (TGF)\u03b2, which also is involved in breast involution and breast cancer progression. Little is known about the expression of tenascin-C during human breast involution, nor its relationship to TGF\u03b2. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of tenascin-C throughout lactation, as well as its relationship to TGF\u03b21 and TGF\u03b22.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three milk samples from 25 lactating women (transitional, whole, and wean) were collected, separated into components (cells, fat, and skim), and the skim fraction analyzed for total protein, tenascin-C, TGF\u03b21, and TGF\u03b22. Tenascin-C, TGF\u03b21, and TGF\u03b22 were detectable in all milk samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Highest tenascin-C levels on average were found in whole milk, whereas highest mean TGF\u03b21 and TGF\u03b22 levels were in wean milk. Wean samples on average had higher levels of both TGF\u03b21 (26%) and TGF\u03b22 (&gt;500%) than matched transitional milk samples. Tenascin-C levels in wean milk were associated with nursing length (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.048). Combining all three milk collection time points, tenascin-C exhibited a weak inverse correlation with TGF\u03b21 and TGF\u03b22 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.1). The inverse correlation at the wean time point was stronger for TGF\u03b22 than \u22121 (\u22120.37 versus \u22120.25). Tenascin-C, a protein known to promote breast cancer progression, is expressed throughout lactation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The inverse correlation with TGF\u03b22 in wean milk suggests a possible interaction during breast involution, which should be further investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2015.0153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,9]],"date-time":"2016-02-09T10:40:49Z","timestamp":1455014449000},"page":"86-90","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Expression of the Extracellular Matrix Protein Tenascin-C Varies During Lactation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Wenyi","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health Science Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Santanu","family":"Dasgupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health Science Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nitai","family":"Mukhopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward R.","family":"Sauter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health Science Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)34850-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"295","article-title":"Dual effect of first full term pregnancy on breast cancer risk: Empirical evidence and postulated underlying biology","volume":"13","author":"Pathak DR","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pathak DR. Dual effect of first full term pregnancy on breast cancer risk: Empirical evidence and postulated underlying biology. Cancer Causes Control, 2002; 13:295\u2013298.","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1839"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2014.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.113379jo"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-014-1875-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2011.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2015.00224"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2379"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29565"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf100112x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512004588"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19336918.2015.1008333"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803511"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008907901087"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19970410)71:2<166::AID-IJC7>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21646"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","first-page":"4413","article-title":"Prognostic significance of TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 3 in human breast carcinoma","volume":"20","author":"Ghellal A","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ghellal A, , Li C, , Hayes M, et al. Prognostic significance of TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 3 in human breast carcinoma. Anticancer Res, 2000; 20:4413\u20134418.","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10911-009-9122-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018789527533"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201308031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334412453205"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2011.0158"}],"container-title":["Breastfeeding Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/bfm.2015.0153","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/bfm.2015.0153","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/bfm.2015.0153","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T11:24:47Z","timestamp":1779189887000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/bfm.2015.0153"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,9]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/bfm.2015.0153"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/bfm.2015.0153","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-8253","1556-8342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-8253","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-8342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,9]]}}}