{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T15:20:42Z","timestamp":1781968842611,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Breastfeeding Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Effects of breast milk (BM) enhancement on long-term BM feeding in preterm infants discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) have not been examined previously. This study compares any BM feeding rates at 4 months corrected age (CA) in preterm infants discharged from the NICU on BM enhancement by fortification of expressed BM with infant formula additives (BM-F) versus BM supplemented with infant formula feeds (BM-S).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We compared infants born between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2017, with gestational age &lt;32 weeks or birth weight &lt;1500\u2009g, discharged home on BM-F or BM-S from two NICUs and followed at 4 months CA. Multivariate logistic regression with propensity scoring estimated the adjusted associations between nutrition at discharge and any BM feeding at 4 months CA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two hundred eighty-five infants were followed at 4 months CA. Infants discharged on BM-F were more likely to have mothers with multiple gestation, private insurance and not Caucasian, initiate feeds of human milk, be discharged from NICU-1, and receive any BM at 4 months CA (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.03). No significant difference in growth parameters &lt;10th percentile at 4 months CA was observed between the two groups. After adjusting for confounding factors, discharge from the NICU on BM-F was significantly associated with BM feeding at 4 months CA (odds ratio: 3.89, 95% confidence interval 1.66\u20139.14,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this observational study, preterm infants receiving BM fortified with formula powder additives at discharge from the NICU had better BM feeding outcomes without poor growth at 4 months CA relative to those infants receiving BM supplemented with infant formula feeds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2020.0022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]],"date-time":"2020-08-31T11:20:54Z","timestamp":1598872854000},"page":"655-661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Comparison of Types of Breast Milk Fortification at Discharge from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Breast Milk Feeding Rates and Growth at 4 Months Corrected Age"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Brigitta","family":"Gehl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, Connecticut, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Brownell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, Connecticut, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Power","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Connecticut Children's, Hartford, Connecticut, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Feinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, Connecticut, USA."},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, Connecticut, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Haines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition Services, Connecticut Children's, Hartford, Connecticut, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Lussier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Connecticut Children's, Hartford, Connecticut, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Connecticut Children's, Hartford, Connecticut, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shabnam","family":"Lainwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, Connecticut, USA."},{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Connecticut Children's, Hartford, Connecticut, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3552"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Breastfeeding and maternal and infant health outcomes in developed countries","volume":"153","author":"Ip S","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ip S, , Chung M, , Raman G, et al. Breastfeeding and maternal and infant health outcomes in developed countries. 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