{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:48:29Z","timestamp":1777456109002,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Breastfeeding Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breast milk is the best nutrient for newborns due to its rich dietary content, immunological factors, ease of accessibility, and affordability. Given the fact that adolescent birth rate in Turkey is high, this study examines the effects of adolescent motherhood with regard to macronutrient contents in breast milk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We collected colostrum samples from mothers staying at our hospital. Gestational ages were \u226537 weeks. Demographic characteristics of the patients were registered. The MIRIS (Mid-Infrared Human Milk Analyzer) device was operated to analyze breast milk, adopting a spectroscopy method for measurements. Protein, fat, carbohydrate, and energy levels of the hindmilk samples were measured; thus, study groups were compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 224 mothers, of whom 49 were adolescents and 125 were adults. Maternal weight and maternal body mass index, weight gain during pregnancy, mode of delivery and gestational age, as well as birth weight and gender of the infants were similar. As breast milk contents were compared, we found out that fat content levels in the colostrum of adolescent mothers were significantly higher, with respect to the other group. Protein and carbohydrate levels were lower in adolescents, even if they were not statistically significant. There was no difference between the groups in terms of energy levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adolescent motherhood may have negative influences on infant welfare. However, in terms of breast milk content quality, adult mothers are not superior to adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2022.0056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T16:01:05Z","timestamp":1660924865000},"page":"764-767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Relationship of Adolescent Motherhood to the Macronutrient Content of Breast Milk"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0846-4032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esin","family":"Okman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ankara City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3368-1514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esra","family":"Beser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ankara City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Merve","family":"Kucukoglu Keser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ankara City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatma Nur","family":"Sari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ankara City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evrim","family":"Alyamac Dizdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ankara City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","unstructured":"WHO Adolescent Pregnancy World Health Organization. 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/adolescent-pregnancy [Last accessed: April 28 2021]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","unstructured":"World Bank. Economic Impacts of Child Marriage: Global Synthesis Report. World Bank: Washington DC 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","unstructured":"WHO UNICEF UNFPA World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division. Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2015: Estimates by WHO UNICEF UNFPA World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division. WHO: Geneva; 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","unstructured":"Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies. Turkey Demographic and Health Survey 2018. Hacettepe University Institue of Population Studies. T.R. Presidency of Turkey Directorate of Strategy and Budget and T\u00dcB\u0130TAK. Ankara 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Guideline: Counselling of Women to Improve Breastfeeding Practices. World Health Organization: Geneva; 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Guideline: Protecting Promoting and Supporting Breastfeeding in Facilities Providing Maternity and Newborn Services. World Health Organization: Geneva; 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","unstructured":"Lawrence RA Lawrence RM. Breastfeeding: A Guide for the Medical Profession. 7th ed. Elsevier: Missouri; 2011; p. 265."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-198506000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-0070(91)90049-R"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0313"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","first-page":"5","article-title":"Detailed knowledge of maternal and infant factors and human milk composition could inform recommendations for optimal composition","author":"Demmelmair H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Demmelmair H, , Koletzko B. Detailed knowledge of maternal and infant factors and human milk composition could inform recommendations for optimal composition. Acta Paediatr, 2021; 5.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2015.9.4.433"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(97)00036-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-3-104"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1993.10718351"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)91119-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114519002447"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07399332.2018.1549043"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5585-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2015.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.04.005"}],"container-title":["Breastfeeding Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/bfm.2022.0056","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/bfm.2022.0056","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/bfm.2022.0056","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:01:03Z","timestamp":1777381263000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/bfm.2022.0056"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/bfm.2022.0056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/bfm.2022.0056","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-8253","1556-8342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-8253","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-8342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]}}}