{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:48:33Z","timestamp":1777456113088,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Breastfeeding Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nipple fissure is a prevalent problem for breastfeeding mothers. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is an herbal medicine that can heal microbial infections and wounds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">:<\/jats:italic>\n                      This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of VCO and breast milk on nipple fissures in primiparous mothers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design, Setting, Participants, and Intervention:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A single-blind clinical trial was conducted with 106 breastfeeding primiparous mothers suffering from nipple fissures in health centers of Zarand, Kerman, from August 2020 to November 2020. The participants were selected randomly and allocated to two 60-member groups using block randomization. Mothers in the first group were asked to apply 0.5\u2009mL of coconut oil on their nipples three times a day. Mothers in the second group were trained to apply three to four drops of their milk on their nipples after every breastfeeding session. The level of nipple fissures and pain intensity were examined using Storr's scale and visual analog scale, respectively. The results were analyzed using the chi-square test, repeated measures analysis of variance, and the independent samples\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test in SPSS 22. In this study, the significance level was set at\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Within-group comparisons revealed a significant difference between baseline scores and the scores on the 7th and 14th days (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Between-group comparison indicated no significant difference in nipple fissure (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.419) and pain intensity (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.405) at baseline. Nonetheless, there was a significant difference on the 7th day (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>fissure<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>pain<\/jats:sub>\n                      &lt;0.001) and on the 14th day (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>fissure<\/jats:sub>\n                      &lt;0.001,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>pain<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.036).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Given its effect on nipple fissures, VCO may be used as a complementary substance to treat nipple fissures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This trial is registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials with the identifier: IRCT20190724044318N1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2022.0120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T14:07:41Z","timestamp":1673618861000},"page":"30-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparing the Efficacy of Breast Milk and Coconut Oil on Nipple Fissure and Breast Pain Intensity in Primiparous Mothers: A Single-Blind Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Alikamali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyedeh Fatemeh","family":"Emadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammadjavad","family":"Mahdizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Razi Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahrasadat","family":"Emami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hosna","family":"Akbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1489-5883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sedigheh","family":"Khodabandeh-Shahraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Nursing, Razi Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.8582"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0000000000000313"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","first-page":"75","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of Purslane cream and Lanolin for treatment of Breast Fissure on Lactation Self-efficacy: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"21","author":"Niazi A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Niazi A, , Yousefzadeh S, , Rakhshandeh H, et al. 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