{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T19:58:09Z","timestamp":1785873489306,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Breastfeeding Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the breastfeeding attitudes and subjective norms of breastfeeding among African American Christians from the New England region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A study was conducted using an online survey. Participants were recruited from four Christian churches in the New England region during the summer of 2021. Responses from direct questions about exclusive breastfeeding histories were tabulated. Open-ended question responses were analyzed using thematic analysis. Two results were merged to make the conclusions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 101) aged 18\u201344 years (62.3%), college graduates (72.3%), and Catholics (71.4%) responded. Participants were willing to recommend six months of exclusive breastfeeding practice to relatives (89.9%) and friends\/peers (87.9%) and support relatives (94.0%) and friends\/peers (94.8%) to practice exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months. Breastfeeding attitude themes included beneficial and natural and receiving breastfeeding support. Subjective norms of breastfeeding themes included receiving support for breastfeeding; Christian leadership, teachings, and communal engagements; and gaps in Christian influence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The African American Christian community may be an emergent agent of breastfeeding social support for African American Christian women who chose to breastfeed. Health professionals should collaborate with African American Christian leadership to initiate programs to promote breastfeeding among African American Christian women in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2023.0277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T08:30:14Z","timestamp":1711614614000},"page":"333-339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Breastfeeding Attitudes and Social Support Among Christian African Americans"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7855-6672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adwoa","family":"Gyamfi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA."},{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1016-0086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urmeka T.","family":"Jefferson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University College of Nursing, Chicago, Illinois, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4098-1910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"O\u2019Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urban Service Track\/AHEC Scholars Nurses Climate Challenge Champion, University of Connecticut School of Nursing, Storrs, Connecticut, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9757-5668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7316-6616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diane L.","family":"Spatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3924-7118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy A.","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rates of Any and Exclusive Breastfeeding by Socio-demographics among Children Born in 2020 (Percentage +\/\u2212 half 95% Confidence Interval). 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/breastfeeding\/data\/nis_data\/rates-any-exclusive-bf-socio-dem-2020.htm [Last accessed: September19 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","unstructured":"UNICEF. Infant and young feeding. 2021. Available from: https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/topic\/nutrition\/infant-and-young-child-feeding [Last accessed: November19 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6834a3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0000000000001021"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Key breastfeeding indicators. 2019. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/breastfeeding\/data\/facts.html#goals [Last accessed: November2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/109019818801500401"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-1897"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","unstructured":"Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Promote healthy development for children and adolescents. Healthy People 2030. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. n.d. Available from: https:\/\/health.gov\/healthypeople\/objectives-and-data\/browse-objectives\/child-and-adolescent-development [Last accessed: November1 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","unstructured":"US Breastfeeding Committee. Surgeon General's call to action to support breastfeeding 2020. 2020. 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