{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T10:51:14Z","timestamp":1788432674546,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Breastfeeding Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of the study was to estimate associations between early-life human milk feeding and ultraprocessed food (UPF) intake at two timepoints during toddlerhood among children born at &lt;35 weeks\u2019 gestation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children were enrolled in the Omega Tots trial (2012\u20132017, Ohio) at 10\u201317 months\u2019 corrected age after having discontinued human milk and formula feeding. Caregivers reported children\u2019s human milk feeding history at baseline and past month diet through a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and follow-up (180 days later). We used the NOVA classification system to estimate UPF intake. We estimated covariate-adjusted associations between human milk feeding (ever and duration) and UPF intake at baseline and follow-up using linear and logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nearly 89% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 295) of 333 toddlers had received human milk but only 4.2% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 14) were fed exclusively human milk to 6 months of age. UPFs represented 37.7 (standard deviation [SD] = 13.2)% and 43.4 (SD = 11.3)% of total calories at the two timepoints. Human milk feeding (exclusive or otherwise) was unassociated with UPF intake in toddlerhood (e.g., months of exclusive human milk feeding with the number of daily servings of UPFs at follow-up: \u03b2 = \u22120.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: \u22120.26, 0.08).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this sample of toddlers born preterm, any exposure to as well as the duration of human milk feeding was unassociated with UPF intake during the second year of life. These results require replication in larger samples given the small number of children in some human milk feeding categories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2024.0104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T04:25:42Z","timestamp":1716956742000},"page":"629-637","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Human Milk Feeding and Ultraprocessed Food Intake in Toddlerhood"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Samrawit F.","family":"Yisahak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline A.","family":"Racke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina M.","family":"Edlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3490-3649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Keim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","first-page":"28","article-title":"NOVA. The star shines bright","volume":"7","author":"Monteiro CA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Monteiro CA, , Cannon G, , Levy R, et al. NOVA. The star shines bright. World Nutrition, 2016; 7(1\u20133):28\u201338.","journal-title":"World Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980017003287"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12563"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12590"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyaa141"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114520003712"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000507840"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2018.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.1573"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2014.08.001"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","article-title":"Policy statement: Breastfeeding and the use of human milk","volume":"150","author":"Meek JY","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meek JY, , Noble L, , Section on Breastfeeding. Policy statement: Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics, 2022; 150(1); doi: 10.1542\/peds.2022-057988","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000478757"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2010.238"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980016003517"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200388"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2016.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-018-1840-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5902\/2179460X43692"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09637486.2021.1885016"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-8405-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Individual and family predictors of ultra-processed food consumption in Spanish children. The SENDO project","author":"Garc\u00eda-Blanco L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Blanco L, , de la O Pascual V, , Berasaluce A, et al. Individual and family predictors of ultra-processed food consumption in Spanish children. The SENDO project. Public Health Nutr, 2022:1\u201322; doi: 10.1017\/S136898002200132X","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0858"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0801"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy372"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2023.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.150450"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.3082"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2005.tb00128.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114086"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.EDE.0000041256.12192.23"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980018003762"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_33_2","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central (fdc.nal.usda.gov). 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13061943"}],"container-title":["Breastfeeding Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/bfm.2024.0104","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/bfm.2024.0104","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/bfm.2024.0104","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:02:01Z","timestamp":1777381321000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/bfm.2024.0104"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/bfm.2024.0104"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/bfm.2024.0104","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-8253","1556-8342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-8253","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-8342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]}}}