{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T16:12:17Z","timestamp":1784823137072,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Breastfeeding Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breastfeeding provides essential nutrition and disease protection for infants while reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes and breast cancer in mothers. Despite these benefits, significant racial and ethnic disparities exist in breastfeeding initiation, particularly among Black women. This study examines racial differences in the receipt of breastfeeding information from varying sources and their association with breastfeeding initiation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data were obtained from the Phase 8 Core Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System for 2016\u20132020 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 163,724). The analysis focused on comparing the likelihood of breastfeeding initiation (yes\/no) across racial groups and the impact of receiving breastfeeding information from varying clinical (mother\u2019s doctor\/nurse\/baby\u2019s doctor, etc.) and social sources (support group\/family\/friends, etc.). Univariate and multivariable analysis was conducted in SAS 9.4.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Black women consistently exhibited lower odds of breastfeeding initiation compared with other racial groups, across all informational sources. The study found that while information from both clinical and social sources increased breastfeeding initiation overall, Black women remained less likely to initiate breastfeeding than White women (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systemic barriers, including racism and bias in health care, contribute to the racial disparities in breastfeeding initiation. Culturally tailored interventions and improved health care provider training are necessary to address these gaps. Future efforts should aim to bridge the divide between clinical and social breastfeeding information sources to improve breastfeeding rates among minority women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2024.0283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T10:03:16Z","timestamp":1737453796000},"page":"296-302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Informational Sources About Breastfeeding Associated with Breastfeeding Initiation: Insights into Racial Disparities"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6257-7196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaeli C.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, College of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit Baal","family":"Balasundaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, College of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Idara N.","family":"Akpan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, College of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2774-5841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stacey B.","family":"Griner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, College of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. Breastfeeding benefits both baby and mom. 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/breastfeeding\/features\/breastfeeding-benefits.html#:\u223c:text=Breastfeeding%20can%20help%20protect%20babies ear%20infections%20and%20stomach%20bugs"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0370-41062017000100001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","volume-title":"Infants - MICH-15. Healthy People 2030. U.S","author":"Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion [ODPHP]","year":"2022","unstructured":"Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion [ODPHP]. Infants - MICH-15. Healthy People 2030. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2022."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","article-title":"Breastfeeding so. Policy statement: Breastfeeding and the use of human milk","volume":"150","author":"Meek JY","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meek JY, , Noble L, , Section on Breastfeeding. Breastfeeding so. Policy statement: Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics, 2022; 150(1).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","unstructured":"CDC. 2022 Breastfeeding Report Card. 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","unstructured":"CDC. Breastfeeding Report Card. 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/breastfeeding\/data\/reportcard.htm"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.13058"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2017.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2018.0056"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/1058-1243.27.2.71"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334421999304"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2020.0313"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","unstructured":"CDC. PRAMS Questionnaires. 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/prams\/index.htm"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-022-03554-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2021.0282"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15447-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2013.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490612100111"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2018.0020"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6834a3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/an.111.001016"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2020.0312"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2020.0316"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1367493512461460"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732318759491"}],"container-title":["Breastfeeding Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/bfm.2024.0283","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/bfm.2024.0283","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/bfm.2024.0283","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:02:29Z","timestamp":1777381349000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/bfm.2024.0283"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/bfm.2024.0283"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/bfm.2024.0283","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-8253","1556-8342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-8253","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-8342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]}}}