{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:05:37Z","timestamp":1790417137717,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]],"date-time":"2015-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biopreservation and Biobanking"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It has been known for decades that many cytokines, such as IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12, bind to heparin. Even though some enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) use antibody-recognizing epitopes not affected by this binding, ELISA manufacturers often warn that heparinized plasma or serum fractions containing more than 3\u2009IU (international units)\/mL of heparin should not be used in assays so as to prevent heparin interference in the reaction. In addition, enzyme-based nucleic acid amplifications from heparinized samples have been shown defective by several research groups. The aim of this study was to determine optimal degradation and\/or removal of heparin from heparinized blood samples to best turn them into fractions for appropriate ELISA and RT-PCR analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A colorimetric reporter assay based on the metachromatic effect of the binding of heparin to toluidine blue was shown to be a low-cost effective method to discriminate assay compatible blood fractions with heparin levels below 3\u2009IU\/mL. Heparin removal from human blood fractions was best achieved by treatment with either\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                      Heparinase II or the less expensive Heparinase I at a final concentration of 0.1\u2009U\/\u03bcL and incubations at 30\u00b0C for a period between 30\u2009min and 4\u2009h, or by adsorption to Ecteola slurries at a concentration of 20\u2009mg\/mL for 20\u2009min at room temperature (RT). The fact that both enzymatic and resin-based optimized treatments allowed for replication of the readings obtained with heparin-free equivalent fractions in both ELISA and RT-PCR assays indicates they should be appropriate for quantitative studies such as expression profiling at both the protein and nucleic acid level.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cost-effective protocols developed in this study could make heparinized, otherwise unusable, blood-derived collections suitable for analysis by ELISA and RT-PCR amplifications, among other analyses, enhancing the possibilities for studying valuable bio-banked heparinized human samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/bio.2015.0026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,17]],"date-time":"2015-08-17T12:18:09Z","timestamp":1439813889000},"page":"287-295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Optimized Treatment of Heparinized Blood Fractions to Make Them Suitable for Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Teresa","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Fito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valencia \u201cSan Vicente M\u00e1rtir\u201d","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Oltra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valencia \u201cSan Vicente M\u00e1rtir\u201d","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valencia \u201cSan Vicente M\u00e1rtir\u201d","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2144\/03356bm03"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2000.tb01055.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.4.1567-1568.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.2.1064"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.9.5776"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830230150"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2011.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.14.1533"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2050-7771-2-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M201263200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","article-title":"Method and device for determining the concentration of heparin in a sample of fluid","author":"Caputo G","year":"2003","unstructured":"Caputo G, , Castelli R, , Comoglio E, , Ciana Della CL, , Giannetti A. 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Enzymatic neutralization of heparin. Europe Patent EP0537325 A1. 1993 Apr 21.","journal-title":"Europe Patent EP0537325 A1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2003.1615"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2008.00098"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2009.02178.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182417b9a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.49.3.235"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-10-332"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121903"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/19.21.6051"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","first-page":"1798","article-title":"Simple method for controlling anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists during heparin therapy: Rapid determination after heparin absorption by ECTEOLA cellulose","volume":"112","author":"Schuler J","year":"1982","unstructured":"Schuler J, , von Felten A. 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