{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:09:54Z","timestamp":1780445394977,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biopreservation and Biobanking"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Prospective collection is a model through which biospecimens are provided for research. Using this model, biospecimens are collected based on real-time requests from the research community instead of being collected based on the prediction of future requests. We describe the lessons learned by two bioresources that have operated successfully using a prospective model for over three decades. Our goal is to improve other bioresources by increasing utilization of biospecimens that honor consented donors who provide biospecimens to the research community; this provides strong evidence of stewardship of the public trust. The operation of these sites requires flexibility, close communication, and cooperation with the investigator in developing a standard operating procedure (protocol) based on the investigator's needs described in their initial request. If practicable, almost any preparation can be provided, including fresh (nonfrozen) biospecimens and tissue blots. A quality management system includes rigorous quality control of the specific biospecimens provided to an investigator. The informatics approach focuses on the investigator, the investigator's request, and the biospecimens collected for the investigator; the informatics focus of classic biobanks is on the biospecimens collected to match expected future requests. These lessons have been incorporated into our current operations. Standard investigator agreements (e.g., indemnification and no unapproved biospecimen transfers to third parties) replace material transfer agreements. We have operated under the prospective model of the Cooperative Human Tissue Network (CHTN), which has been successful and has provided over 1.2 million biospecimens since it began in 1987. These tissues have supported over 4300 peer-reviewed scientific articles. Since 2012, about 1000 publications have indicated support by CHTN tissues; their average citation rate is 31 with an H factor of 61. Also, during this period, 114 patents cited the CHTN. We also describe disadvantages of prospective bioresources (e.g., inadequate distribution of rare tissues, biospecimens not immediately available, and delayed clinical outcomes).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/bio.2018.0073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,20]],"date-time":"2018-11-20T14:32:31Z","timestamp":1542724351000},"page":"483-492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Lessons Learned During Three Decades of Operations of Two Prospective Bioresources"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"William E.","family":"Grizzle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine C.","family":"Sexton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"McGarvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachery V.","family":"Menchhofen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"LiVolsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"531","volume-title":"Translational Pathology of Early Cancer","author":"Grizzle WE","year":"2011","unstructured":"Grizzle WE, , Bell WC, , Sexton KC. Issues in collecting, processing and storing human tissues and associated information to support biomedical research. In: Srivastava S, , Grizzle WE (eds). Translational Pathology of Early Cancer. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: IOS Press BV; 2011:531\u2013549."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"497","volume-title":"Cellular Therapy: Principles, Methods and Regulations","author":"Grizzle WE","unstructured":"Grizzle WE, , Sexton KC, , Bell WC. Issues in operating a human tissue resource supporting biomedical research. In: Areman E, , Loper K (eds). Cellular Therapy: Principles, Methods and Regulations, 2nd edn. Bethesda, MD: AABB; 2016:497\u2013509.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"Grizzle WE Bledsoe MJ Al Diffalha S Otali D Sexton KC. The utilization of biospecimens: Impact of the choice of biobanking model. Biopreserv Biobank (In press)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","unstructured":"Hewitt R. Why all the names? Trans-Hit Biomarkers\u2014Improving ethical access to biosamples for research. March 27 2018. Available at: https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/biobank-biorepository-biolibrary-biovault-biohoard-biotrust-hewitt (accessed September4 2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","volume-title":"A Worldwide Study of the Factors Affecting Sustainable Biobanking Operations and Technology-Based Approaches to Increase Utilization Rates: An Independent Survey","author":"iSpecimen, Inc.","year":"2018","unstructured":"iSpecimen, Inc.. A Worldwide Study of the Factors Affecting Sustainable Biobanking Operations and Technology-Based Approaches to Increase Utilization Rates: An Independent Survey. Lexington, MA: iSpecimen, Inc.; 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","article-title":"\u2018Biohoarding\u2019: Treasures not seen, stories not told","author":"Catchpoole D","year":"2015","unstructured":"Catchpoole D. \u2018Biohoarding\u2019: Treasures not seen, stories not told. J Health Serv Res Policy, 2015. DOI: 10.1177\/1355819615599014.","journal-title":"J Health Serv Res Policy"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","unstructured":"Otali D Al Diffalha S Grizzle WE. Biological Medical and other Tissue Variables Affecting Biospecimen Utilization. Biopreserv Biobank (In press)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3204-7_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bio.2016.0013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bio.2014.0081"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bio.2014.0061"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","unstructured":"Cooperative Human Tissue Network: CHTN. 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