{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T13:01:11Z","timestamp":1777467671001,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biopreservation and Biobanking"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study was designed to evaluate enrofloxacin (EN), a fluoroquinolone broad-spectrum antibacterial drug for use in cryopreservation of Zebu bull semen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Semen was collected from three Zebu bulls of the Sahiwal breed (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bos indicus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) for 3 weeks (replicates) for each experiment. Experiment I: semen samples were cultured for isolation of bacteria and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      sensitivity tests against streptomycin, penicillin, and EN.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Proteus<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp.,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      were isolated.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      was found to be resistant to streptomycin and penicillin (SP), while\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Proteus<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. was resistant to streptomycin. EN effectively inhibited the growth of all four bacteria in an\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      sensitivity test. Experiment II:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      dose toxicity of EN (0\u20132000\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) for bull sperm was assessed in 2.9% sodium citrate buffer. EN up to a concentration of 1200\u2009\u03bcg\/mL was found to be safe for motility and viability of bull spermatozoa. Experiment III: semen was cryopreserved in a\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tris<\/jats:italic>\n                      -citric acid extender containing either SP or EN (400\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) or without antibiotics as the control.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Post-thaw sperm motility was found to be higher in the extender containing EN and SP compared to control. Nevertheless, sperm viability was recorded higher (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) with EN compared to SP and control. Sperm chromatin integrity did not differ (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05) in EN, SP, and controls. The total aerobic bacterial count was recorded as zero in the extender containing EN compared to SP and control. The fertility rate was higher (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) with 400\u2009\u03bcg\/mL EN (59%) compared to SP (44%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is concluded that EN is capable of controlling the bacterial load in frozen Zebu bull semen, resulting in a higher fertility rate under field conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/bio.2018.0133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]],"date-time":"2019-06-20T09:54:19Z","timestamp":1561024459000},"page":"546-552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of Enrofloxacin for Use in Cryopreservation of Zebu Bull (\n                    <i>Bos indicus<\/i>\n                    ) Semen"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Razia","family":"Ishaq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad S.","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bushra A.","family":"Rakha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife Management, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saima","family":"Qadeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Education, Jauharabad Campus, Khushab, Pakistan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shamim","family":"Akhter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/animalsci2002.80E-Suppl_21a"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.24.1.1582"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2008.01187.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2007.00890.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09712119.2013.782866"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2006.00621.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens3040934"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.1996.tb00475.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(83)90831-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)56054-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1986.tb00055.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01485019608988505"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.1991.tb01091.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1994.tb00423.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(48)92256-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(49)92025-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2004.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2013.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2015.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2005.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","first-page":"64","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin after intravenous and intramuscular administration in Angora goats","volume":"65","author":"Elmas M","year":"2001","unstructured":"Elmas M, , Tras B, , Kaya S, , Bas AL, , Yazar E, , Yarsan E. 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