{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:12:11Z","timestamp":1791994331810,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601337600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biopreservation and Biobanking"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Cryoprotectants are known to have protective effects against cryodamage to spermatozoa. In this study, the cryoprotective effects of two cryoprotectants (glycerol, ethylene glycol) and cryoprotectants\/trehalose combinations on frozen-thawed ram spermatozoa were investigated at the ultrastructural level. For this purpose, ejaculates collected from Konya Merino rams were pooled and diluted with a tris-based extender containing additives, including 5% glycerol, 3% glycerol +60\u2009mM trehalose, 1.5% glycerol +100\u2009mM trehalose, 5% ethylene glycol, 3% ethylene glycol +60\u2009mM trehalose, and 1.5% ethylene glycol +100\u2009mM trehalose. They were all cooled to 5\u00b0C and then frozen in 0.25\u2009mL French straws in liquid nitrogen. The samples were thawed at 37\u00b0C and centrifuged to remove the diluents. Then, they were processed using a scanning transmission electron microscope. In the statistical analysis, the number of ultrastructurally cryodamaged and intact spermatozoa were counted in longitudinal and transverse ultrathin sections in all groups by electron microscopic examination. The amount of intact spermatozoa in the groups containing 5% ethylene glycol and 1.5% ethylene glycol +100\u2009mM trehalose was found to be higher than other groups (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). As a result, it was suggested that the groups of 5% ethylene glycol and 1.5% ethylene glycol +100\u2009mM trehalose provided the highest protection for the ultrastructural morphology of frozen-thawed Konya Merino ram spermatozoa among the groups.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/bio.2020.0056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T12:02:32Z","timestamp":1597924952000},"page":"441-448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Cryopreservation Effects on Ram Sperm Ultrastructure"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Nazan","family":"Keskin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cennet","family":"Erdogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Pamukkale University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Denizli, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa Numan","family":"Bucak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Selcuk University, Veterinary Faculty, Konya, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Erdem","family":"Ozturk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Selcuk University, Veterinary Faculty, Konya, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Bodu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Selcuk University, Veterinary Faculty, Konya, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u0131nar","family":"Ili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denizli Health Services Vocational High School, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuri","family":"Baspinar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University, Veterinary Faculty, Konya, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukru","family":"Dursun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aksaray University, Veterinary Faculty, Aksaray, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2020.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0180021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-008-9232-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)38048-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-736X2016000800015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2005.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2013.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12301"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2008.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2015.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2006.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2011.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2011.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwg047"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(00)00251-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(02)00653-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2006.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2013.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2010.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.103.017889"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471140864.ps0409s59"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00011-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2016.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1501\/Vetfak_0000002176"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)31987-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","first-page":"137","article-title":"A formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative of high osmolality for use in electron-microscopy","volume":"27","author":"Karnovsky MJ","year":"1965","unstructured":"Karnovsky MJ. A formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative of high osmolality for use in electron-microscopy. J Cell Biol, 1965; 27:137\u2013138A.","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","first-page":"582","article-title":"Effects of extender and storage time on motility and ultrastructure of cooled-preserved boar spermatozoa","volume":"44","author":"Boonkusol D","year":"2010","unstructured":"Boonkusol D, , Saikhun K, , Ratanaphumma P. Effects of extender and storage time on motility and ultrastructure of cooled-preserved boar spermatozoa. Kasetsart J (Nat Sci), 2010; 44:582\u2013589.","journal-title":"Kasetsart J (Nat Sci)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2005.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.103.024422"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01485019008987591"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","first-page":"58","article-title":"Boar sperm head membrane damage during cryopreservation evaluated by electron microscopy","volume":"6","author":"P\u0159inosilov\u00e1 P","year":"2012","unstructured":"P\u0159inosilov\u00e1 P, , Sedl\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1 M, , Kopeck\u00e1 V, et al. Boar sperm head membrane damage during cryopreservation evaluated by electron microscopy. Res Pig Breed, 2012; 6:58\u201361.","journal-title":"Res Pig Breed"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0180209"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micron.2013.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2016.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2011.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2012.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2010.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2014.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","first-page":"253","article-title":"Effects of various antioxidants on cryopreserved bull sperm quality","volume":"15","author":"Tasdemir U","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tasdemir U, , Tuncer PB, , Buyukleblebici S, et al. Effects of various antioxidants on cryopreserved bull sperm quality. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 2014; 15:253\u2013258.","journal-title":"Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2012.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516400777584749"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2010.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2006.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2009.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2010.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.2014-152"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2305-0500(14)60053-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2007.00975.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2010.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cryo.1998.2117"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4320(94)90058-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cryo.1998.2097"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","article-title":"The synergistic effect of trehalose and low concentrations of cryoprotectants can improve post-thaw ram sperm parameters","author":"Ozturk AE","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ozturk AE, , Bodu M, , Bucak MN, et al. The synergistic effect of trehalose and low concentrations of cryoprotectants can improve post-thaw ram sperm parameters. Cryobiology, 2020. [Epub ahead of print]; DOI: 10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2020.03.008.","journal-title":"Cryobiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micron.2006.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2008.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2005.00578.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2012.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.10.2160"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","first-page":"S49","article-title":"Evaluation of bull spermatozoa during and after cryopreservation: Structural and ultrastructural insights","volume":"6","author":"Khalil WA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khalil WA, , El-Harairy MA, , Zeidan AEB, et al. Evaluation of bull spermatozoa during and after cryopreservation: Structural and ultrastructural insights. IJVSM, 2018; 6:S49\u2013S56.","journal-title":"IJVSM"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2016.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.112.104661"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","first-page":"123","article-title":"Trehalose as a cryoprotective agent for the sperm cells: A mini review","volume":"1","author":"Ahmad E","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ahmad E, , Aksoy M. Trehalose as a cryoprotective agent for the sperm cells: A mini review. Animal Health Prod Hyg, 2012; 1:123\u2013129.","journal-title":"Animal Health Prod Hyg"}],"container-title":["Biopreservation and Biobanking"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/bio.2020.0056","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/bio.2020.0056","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/bio.2020.0056","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:31:50Z","timestamp":1777383110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/bio.2020.0056"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/bio.2020.0056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/bio.2020.0056","relation":{},"ISSN":["1947-5535","1947-5543"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1947-5535","type":"print"},{"value":"1947-5543","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]]}}}