{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:43:49Z","timestamp":1791269029551,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biopreservation and Biobanking"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the organelle responsible for protein folding in the cell. The damage that may occur during the freezing process of the sperm can exceed the protein loading capacity in the ER. Antioxidants, such as coenzyme Q\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    (CoQ\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), are added to freezing media to protect sperm cells. In this study, the aim was to investigate the expression levels of ER stress-related genes (protein kinase-like ER kinase [\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PERK<\/jats:italic>\n                    ], activating transcription factor 4 [\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ATF4<\/jats:italic>\n                    ], CCAAT-enhancer-binding-protein homologous protein [\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CHOP<\/jats:italic>\n                    ], and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 [\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NRF2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ]) and quality parameters (viability, motility, acrosome status, and plasma membrane integrity) of mice sperm after freezing with an extender containing CoQ\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Male BALB\/c mouse spermatozoa were cryopreserved using a combination of 18% raffinose + 3% skimmed milk and 50 \u00b5M CoQ\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    . The combination of 18% raffinose + 3% skimmed milk without CoQ\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    was used as the control group. The results showed that post-thaw sperm motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity, and intact acrosome rates were significantly higher in the CoQ\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    -supplemented group compared with the control (untreated) group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). The expression of ER stress-related genes was then analyzed to investigate whether CoQ\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    attenuates ER stress in frozen\u2013thawed sperm. The results significantly revealed that the addition of 50 \u00b5M CoQ\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    to the extender increased\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PERK<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ATF4<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CHOP<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA levels compared with the control group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). Next,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NRF2<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene expression was analyzed to investigate whether CoQ\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    affects the antioxidant mechanism of post-thaw sperm. It was revealed that the expression of the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NRF2<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene significantly increased in the CoQ\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    group compared with the control group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). Collectively, these results suggest that the freeze\u2013thaw process induces ER stress in mouse sperm, and the supplementation of CoQ\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    to the cryoprotectant agent reduces ER stress-related genes, activates the gene related to the antioxidant defense system, and improves post-thaw sperm quality parameters.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/bio.2023.0084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T06:49:12Z","timestamp":1741157352000},"page":"457-465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Effects of Supplemented Coenzyme Q\n                    <sub>10<\/sub>\n                    to Extender on the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Related Genes and Sperm Quality Parameters in Cryopreservation of Mouse Spermatozoa"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9230-1622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aysel","family":"Eraslan-Sakar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Genetics, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5508-9861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oguz Kaan","family":"Yalcin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Mazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cengiz","family":"Yildiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2004.06.056"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1209235"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1052"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401365"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu428"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2010-0460OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.225698"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2199"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2007.05639.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903775106"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-015-2212-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-08-0093"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2015.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.2014.32.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2002.tb02324.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/pjvs-2015-0062"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2009.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2016.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2014.5851"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2010.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2006.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10561-016-9566-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2011.01758.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2018.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.5520090202"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2001.10719063"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0608008103"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","first-page":"367","article-title":"Coenzyme Q10\u2013a therapeutic agent","volume":"21","author":"Lance J","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lance J, , McCabe S, , Clancy RL, et al. 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