{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T09:11:38Z","timestamp":1773306698767,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioelectricity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether adjuvant transforming growth factor-\u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2) inhibition with pirfenidone (PFD) can mitigate ureteral wall scarring and related complications in a rat model of upper urinary tract ablation with irreversible electroporation (IRE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transmural ablation of the ureter was performed with IRE in 24 rats. Post-IRE, animals were randomly assigned to receive PFD or no drug, followed by euthanasia at 2-, 5-, or 10-days. The complete urinary tract was extracted, and the dimensions of kidney and ureter were measured. Immunohistochemistry was performed to quantify collagen deposition, \u03b1-smooth muscle actin (\u03b1-SMA) (myofibroblasts in ureter and kidney) and TGF-\u03b2 (ureter only).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Enlargement of the kidney and ureteral dilatation were apparent during gross necropsy of rats from both cohorts. The changes in anatomical measurements were significantly reduced in rats receiving PFD at Day 5 and 10 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively). Collagen levels in the ureters gradually increased in rats from both cohorts at Day 2 and 5, but started to reduce by Day 10 in rats receiving PFD when compared with no treatment (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.04). Myofibroblast levels and TGF-\u03b2 staining in the ureters was lower in rats receiving PFD on Day 5 and 10, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). Collagen levels and myofibroblast staining of the kidneys from rats receiving PFD was significantly lower than control on Days 5 and 10.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adjuvant PFD can reduce myofibroblast activity and ureteral fibrosis at the site of IRE ablation, enabling safe soft tissue ablation adjacent or involving the upper urinary tract.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/bioe.2024.0022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T06:52:59Z","timestamp":1726123979000},"page":"272-279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Transforming Growth Factor-\u03b2 Inhibition on Ureteral and Renal Scarring in a Rat Model of Upper Urinary Tract Ablation with Irreversible Electroporation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Takaaki","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurien G.P.H.","family":"Vroomen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arjun","family":"Sivaraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Fujimori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nirmal Thampi","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Badar M.","family":"Mian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8885-3830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Govindarajan","family":"Srimathveeravalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Institute for Applied Life Sciences, 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