{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T08:38:22Z","timestamp":1792744702033,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Connectivity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent addiction and obesity-related research suggests that episodic future thinking (EFT) can serve as a promising intervention to promote healthy decision-making. We used data from a pilot study to investigate the acute neural effects of EFT in alcohol use disorder (AUD). Because of the limitations of those data, we additionally used data from a previously published functional MRI (fMRI) study in which participants had not received any intervention for their AUD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In an out-of-scanner, guided interview, participants (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 24; median age = 37.3 years; median AUDIT = 22.5) generated scenarios and cues about their future (EFT intervention,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 15) or recent past (control episodic thinking [CET] control intervention,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 9). Then, they performed both resting-state and task-based (delay discounting [DD]) fMRI. We used nodes from the default mode network and salience networks as well as the hippocampus to perform seed-based analyses of the resting-state data. The results then guided psychophysiological interaction analyses in the DD task. In addition, we used data from a larger, previously reported study as a \u201cno intervention\u201d group of AUD participants (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 50; median age = 43.3; median Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) alcohol dependence score = 7) to reproduce and aid in interpreting our key findings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EFT, but not CET, participants showed statistically improved DD rates\u2014a behavioral marker for addiction. Resting-state analyses of the left hippocampus revealed connectivity differences in the frontal poles. The directionality of this difference suggested that EFT may reduce a hypo-connectivity relationship between these regions in AUD. We also found resting-state connectivity differences between the salience network and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (R DLPFC), which then led us to discover R-to-L DLPFC psychophysiological interaction differences during DD. Moreover, the resting-state salience-to-DLPFC functional connectivity showed an inverse relationship to DD rate while hyperconnectivity between left and right DLPFC reflected slower reaction times during DD trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that previously noted benefits of EFT such as the improved DD replicated here might coincide with changes in neural connectivity patterns in AUD. The alterations in connectivity highlight potential mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of EFT in improving decision-making in AUD. Understanding these neural effects may contribute to the further development of targeted interventions for AUD and related disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2024.0025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T08:22:23Z","timestamp":1726820543000},"page":"550-559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Connectivity Changes Following Episodic Future Thinking in Alcohol Use Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Myslowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, Virginia, USA."},{"name":"Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel M.","family":"McClure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Lisinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, Virginia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devin C.","family":"Tomlinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, Virginia, USA."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita S.","family":"Kablinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"MacKillop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikhail N.","family":"Koffarnus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafaela M.","family":"Fontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, Virginia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warren K.","family":"Bickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, Virginia, 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