{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:38:04Z","timestamp":1777682284506,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]],"date-time":"2009-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1259625600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There has been an abundance of different bioterrorist attack scenarios and consequently an unclear biodefense strategy so far. We present a framework for bioterrorism risk assessment that we believe would be useful for policymakers and understandable without needing to be an expert in this field. We retrieved the Medline database via PubMed (from January 1987 to January 2009) and cross-referenced and reviewed the terms biological weapons, biological attacks, bioterror, bio(defense), bio(strategy) and epidemiologic models, and risk assessment. Additionally, we conducted an internet search with the same terms and strategy. We divided bioterrorist attacks into 3 categories: strategical (large-scale), operational (middle-scale), and tactical (small-scale). A bioterrorist attack is presented as a 4-component chain model, including perpetrators, agents, means of delivery, and targets. For any of these 4 components, we propose quantitative and qualitative risk assessment parameters. Here we present a simple scoring system within our model applied to the 2001 U.S. anthrax attacks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/bsp.2009.0016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,27]],"date-time":"2010-07-27T09:57:08Z","timestamp":1280224628000},"page":"443-451","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["A New Model of Bioterrorism Risk Assessment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Vladan","family":"Radosavljevic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Belgrade","place":["Serbia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Goran","family":"Belojevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Belgrade","place":["Serbia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Committee on Methodological Improvements to the Department of Homeland Security's Biological Agent Risk Analysis National Research Council. Department of Homeland Security Bioterrorism Risk Assessment: A Call for Change. Washington DC: National Academies Press 2008. http:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog.php?record_id=12206. 2009 November 19."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/bsp.2008.0930","article-title":"Scientists urge DHS to improve bioterrorism risk assessment","volume":"6","author":"Parnell GS","year":"2008","unstructured":"Parnell GS, , Borio LL, , Brown GG, , Banks D, , Wilson AG. Scientists urge DHS to improve bioterrorism risk assessment. 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