{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:32:47Z","timestamp":1777681967155,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362096000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Natural disasters, infectious disease epidemics, terrorism, and major events like the nuclear incident at Fukushima all pose major potential challenges to public health and security. Events such as the anthrax letters of 2001, Hurricanes Katrina, Irene, and Sandy, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and West Nile virus outbreaks, and the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic have demonstrated that public health, emergency management, and national security efforts are interconnected. These and other events have increased the national resolve and the resources committed to improving the national health security infrastructure. However, as fiscal pressures force federal, state, and local governments to examine spending, there is a growing need to demonstrate both what the investment in public health preparedness has bought and where gaps remain in our nation's health security. To address these needs, the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO), through a cooperative agreement with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response (PHPR), is creating an annual measure of health security and preparedness at the national and state levels: the National Health Security Preparedness Index (NHSPI).\n                    <jats:disp-quote>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        \u201cIn the past year, I have been struck by how important measurement is to improving the human condition. You can achieve incredible progress if you set a clear goal and find a measure that will drive progress toward that goal.\u2009\u2026\u201d\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u2014Bill Gates<\/jats:italic>\n                        <jats:sup>\n                          <jats:xref ref-type=\"bibr\">1<\/jats:xref>\n                        <\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        \u201cWhat gets measured gets done.\u201d\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u2014Peter Drucker<\/jats:italic>\n                        <jats:sup>\n                          <jats:xref ref-type=\"bibr\">2<\/jats:xref>\n                        <\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:disp-quote>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/bsp.2013.0026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,18]],"date-time":"2013-03-18T14:15:11Z","timestamp":1363616111000},"page":"81-87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Importance of Establishing a National Health Security Preparedness Index"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"John R.","family":"Lumpkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoon K.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Inglesby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Links","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela T.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine C.","family":"Slemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Burhans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Blumenstock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali S.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Gates B. Bill Gates: my plan to fix the world's biggest problems. Wall Street Journal January 25 2013. http:\/\/online.wsj.com\/article\/SB10001424127887323539804578261780648285770.html. 2013 February 19."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","volume-title":"The Practice of Management","author":"Drucker PF","year":"1954","unstructured":"Drucker PF. The Practice of Management. New York: Harper & Row, 1954."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61263-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1089\/bsp.2011.0085","article-title":"Assessing a decade of public health preparedness: progress on the precipice?","volume":"10","author":"Gursky E","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gursky E, , Bice G. Assessing a decade of public health preparedness: progress on the precipice? Biosecur Bioterror, 2012 Mar 10,(1):55\u201365.","journal-title":"Biosecur Bioterror"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002Pub. L. No107\u2013188 116Stat. 594June 12 2002."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"Khan AS Daigle D Schwartz AT et al. Public Health Preparedness: 2011 State-by-State Update on Laboratory Capabilities and Response Readiness Planning. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response 2011. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/phpr\/pubs-links\/2011\/documents\/SEPT_UPDATE_REPORT_9-13-2011-Final.pdf. 2013 February 19."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"Pandemic All Hazards Preparedness Act of 2006Pub. L. No109\u2013417120 Stat. 2831December 19 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"National Health Security Strategy of the United States of America. Washington DC: US Department of Health and Human Services 2009. http:\/\/www.phe.gov\/Preparedness\/planning\/authority\/nhss\/strategy\/Documents\/nhss-final.pdf. 2013 February 19."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","unstructured":"National Strategic Plan for Public Health Preparedness and Response. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response 2011. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/phpr\/publications\/2011\/A_Natl_Strategic_Plan_for_Preparedness_20110901A.pdf. 2013 February 19."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"Presidential Policy Directive 8 (PPD-8): national preparedness. Washington DC. The White House March 30 2011. http:\/\/www.dhs.gov\/xlibrary\/assets\/presidential-policy-directive-8-national-preparedness.pdf. 2013 February 19."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"Consumer Price Index Frequently Asked Questions. Bureau of Labor Statistics website. 2011. http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cpi\/cpifaq.htm. 2012 June 8."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","volume-title":"Index Numbers in Economic Theory and Practice","author":"Allen RGD","year":"1975","unstructured":"Allen RGD. Index Numbers in Economic Theory and Practice. Piscataway, NJ: AldineTransactions, 1975."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"Covington J Simpson DM. An overview of disaster preparedness literature: building blocks for an applied Bay Area template. Working Paper 06-02. Center for Hazards Research and Policy Development University of Louisville 2006. http:\/\/hazardcenter.louisville.edu\/pdfs\/wp0602.pdf. 2012 June 7."},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_2_15_2.1","unstructured":"11 (1) http:\/\/www.highbeam.com\/doc\/1G1-272484858.html. 2012 June 10"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_2_15_2.2","unstructured":"Bhagat P Batra M Miodek A. A comprehensive sustainability index. 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