{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T20:10:49Z","timestamp":1782591049073,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cannabis &amp; Cannabinoid Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An escalating number of fatalities resulting from accidental opioid overdoses typically attributed to respiratory depression continue to define the opioid epidemic. Opioid respiratory depression results from a decrease in reflexive inspiration within the preB\u00f6tzinger complex in the brainstem.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cannabinoid receptor agonism is reported to enhance opioid analgesia, yet whether cannabinoids enhance or inhibit opioid-induced respiratory depression is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies herein sought to define the roles of cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) and cannabinoid-2 receptor (CB2R) on respiratory depression using selective agonists alone and in combination with morphine in male mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using whole body plethysmography, the nonselective CB1R and CB2R agonist (\u0394\n                      <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                      -tetrahydrocannabinol) and the CB1R synthetic cannabinoid, AM356, induced respiratory depression, whereas the well-published selective CB2 agonist, JWH 133, and the novel CB2 agonist (AM2301) did not. Moreover, a selective CB2R agonist (AM2301) significantly attenuated morphine sulfate-induced respiratory depression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Notably, findings suggest that attenuation of opioid-induced respiratory depression relies on CB2R activation, supporting selective CB2R agonism as an opioid adjunct therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2020.0076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]],"date-time":"2020-11-13T10:24:47Z","timestamp":1605263087000},"page":"401-412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Cannabinoid-2 Agonism with AM2301 Mitigates Morphine-Induced Respiratory Depression"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Beth M.","family":"Wiese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Liktor-Busa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aidan","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Couture","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spyros P.","family":"Nikas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Bouve College Health Sciences\u2014Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lipin","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Bouve College Health Sciences\u2014Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingpeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Bouve College Health Sciences\u2014Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Mackie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Makriyannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Bouve College Health Sciences\u2014Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tally M.","family":"Largent-Milnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd W.","family":"Vanderah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","unstructured":"NASEM. 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