{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T16:45:05Z","timestamp":1777481105264,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cannabis &amp; Cannabinoid Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our laboratory investigates changes in the respiratory pattern during systemic inflammation in various rodent models. The endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) regulates cytokine production and mitigates inflammation. Inflammation not only affects cannabinoid (CB) 1 and CB2 receptor gene expression (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cnr1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cnr2<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), but also increases the predictability of the ventilatory pattern.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our primary objective was to track ventilatory pattern variability and transcription of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cnr1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cnr2 mRNA<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Il1b<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Il6<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tnfa)<\/jats:italic>\n                      mRNAs at multiple time points in central and peripheral tissues during systemic inflammation induced by peritonitis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In male Sprague Dawley rats (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =24), we caused peritonitis by implanting a fibrin clot containing either 0 or 25\u00d710\n                      <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      intraperitoneally. We recorded breathing with whole-animal plethysmography at baseline and 1\u2009h before euthanasia. We euthanized the rats at 3, 6, or 12\u2009h after inoculation and harvested the pons, medulla, lung, and heart for gene expression analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      With peritonitis,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cnr1 mRNA<\/jats:italic>\n                      more than\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cnr2 mRNA<\/jats:italic>\n                      was correlated to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Il1b<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Il6<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tnfa<\/jats:italic>\n                      mRNAs in medulla, pons, and lung and changed oppositely in the pons, medulla, and lung. These changes were associated with increased predictability of ventilatory pattern. Specifically, nonlinear complexity index correlated with increased\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cnr1<\/jats:italic>\n                      mRNA in the pons and medulla, and coefficient of variation for cycle duration correlated with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cnr1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cnr2<\/jats:italic>\n                      mRNAs in the lung.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mRNAs for ECS receptors varied with time during the central and peripheral inflammatory response to peritonitis. These changes occurred in the brainstem, which contains the network that generates breathing pattern and thus, may participate in ventilatory pattern changes during systemic inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2021.0085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]],"date-time":"2022-04-21T10:34:49Z","timestamp":1650537289000},"page":"510-526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cannabinoid Receptor mRNA Expression in Central and Peripheral Tissues in a Rodent Model of Peritonitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1238-5257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kofi-Kermit A.","family":"Horton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cara K.","family":"Campanaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caitlyn","family":"Clifford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Nethery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kingman P.","family":"Strohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank J.","family":"Jacono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Dick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.11-02-00563.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.5.1932"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903270406"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20780.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17910.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.02175.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803271"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0405216"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.11.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1369.052"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1115740"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.10-176602"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2011.18"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00688.2007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2010.09.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077706"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2020.109556"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","first-page":"971750","article-title":"CB2 receptor activation ameliorates the proinflammatory activity in acute lung injury induced by paraquat","volume":"2014","author":"Liu Z","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu Z, , Wang Y, , Zhao H, et al. 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