{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T09:36:40Z","timestamp":1789724200684,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cannabis &amp; Cannabinoid Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (\u0394\n                    <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                    -THC) is chemically and functionally similar to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (\u0394\n                    <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                    -THC) (the primary psychoactive cannabinoid in the cannabis plant) and is currently widely available \u201cover-the-counter\u201d across the United States due to unregulated sales. However, these products have a questionable legal status based on current U.S. laws, as \u0394\n                    <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                    -THC is considered a Schedule I drug by the federal Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). Despite this designation, \u0394\n                    <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                    -THC products (e.g., gummies, edibles, oils, and vapes) are largely unregulated and are sold in gas stations, online, and other marketplaces (most often outside of authorized dispensaries) and are marketed as legal hemp products. This problem arises from a purposeful misinterpretation of the 2018 Farm Bill, which some interpret as legalization of non-\u0394\n                    <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                    -THC cannabinoids (notably, \u0394\n                    <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                    -THC). The widespread availability of \u0394\n                    <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                    -THC products has not been without health consequences. The lack of regulation means that there are no required warning labels or packaging protections in place and no mandated laboratory analysis to assure label accuracy or product purity. As \u0394\n                    <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                    -THC produces physiological and toxicological effects that are similar to \u0394\n                    <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                    -THC, high-dose exposure of \u0394\n                    <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                    -THC (e.g., consuming a full bag of \u0394\n                    <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                    -THC gummies) has resulted in recent reports of medical emergencies, including calls to poison control centers and presentations to emergency departments, with some pediatric patients arriving unconscious and unresponsive. Several states and regulatory agencies have called for legislation to regulate \u0394\n                    <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                    -THC, but little progress has occurred nationally thus far.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2021.0097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T13:48:21Z","timestamp":1770990501000},"page":"362-365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["\u0394\n                    <sup>8<\/sup>\n                    -THC: Legal Status, Widespread Availability, and Safety Concerns"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1450-2621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shanna","family":"Babalonis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Science, Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley M.","family":"Raup-Konsavage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter D.","family":"Akpunonu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine and Medical Toxicology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnes","family":"Balla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Policy Analysis and Coordination, University of California Office of the President, Oakland, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kent E.","family":"Vrana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"United States H.R .2 Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018. In: 115th United States Congress. Available at: https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/house-bill\/2 Accessed July1 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4020(01)99446-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"United States Department of Justice United States Drug Enforcement Administration. Implementation of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018. Available at: https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2020\/08\/21\/2020\u201317356\/implementation-of-the-agriculture-improvement-act-of-2018 Accessed July14 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","unstructured":"United States Department of Justice United States Drug Enforcement Administration. Controlled Substance Schedules. Available at: https:\/\/www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov\/schedules\/orangebook\/c_cs_alpha.pdf Accessed July14 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1973143353"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(95)00194-B"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","unstructured":"United States Cannabis Council. The unregulated distribution and sale of consumer products marketed as delta-8 THC 2021. Available at: https:\/\/irp.cdn-website.com\/6531d7ca\/files\/uploaded\/USCC%20Delta-8%20Kit.pdf; 2021 Accessed July10 2021."}],"container-title":["Cannabis &amp; Cannabinoid Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/can.2021.0097","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/can.2021.0097","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/can.2021.0097","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T16:59:49Z","timestamp":1773248389000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/can.2021.0097"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/can.2021.0097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/can.2021.0097","relation":{},"ISSN":["2578-5125","2378-8763"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2578-5125","type":"print"},{"value":"2378-8763","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]}}}