{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:08:15Z","timestamp":1791972495325,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cannabis &amp; Cannabinoid Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS), including the endocannabinoids (eCBs), anandamide (AEA), and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), plays an integral role in psychophysiological functions. Although frequent cannabis use is associated with adaptations in the ECS, the impact of acute smoked cannabis administration on circulating eCBs, and the relationship between cannabis effects and circulating eCBs are poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study measured the plasma levels of AEA, 2-AG, and \u0394-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), subjective drug-effects ratings, and cardiovascular measures at baseline and 15\u2013180\u2009min after cannabis users (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =26) smoked 70% of a cannabis cigarette (5.6% THC).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cannabis administration increased the ratings of intoxication, heart rate, and plasma THC levels relative to baseline. Although cannabis administration did not affect eCB levels relative to baseline, there was a significant positive correlation between baseline AEA levels and peak ratings of \u201cHigh\u201d and \u201cGood Drug Effect.\u201d Further, baseline 2-AG levels negatively correlated with frequency of cannabis use (mean days\/week) and with baseline THC metabolite levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a subset of heavy cannabis smokers: (1) more frequent cannabis use was associated with lower baseline 2-AG, and (2) those with lower AEA got less intoxicated after smoking cannabis. These findings contribute to a sparse literature on the interaction between endo- and phyto-cannabinoids. Future studies in participants with varied cannabis use patterns are needed to clarify the association between circulating eCBs and the abuse-related effects of cannabis, and to test whether baseline eCBs predict the intoxicating effects of cannabis and are a potential biomarker of cannabis tolerance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2021.0185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T15:00:56Z","timestamp":1651244456000},"page":"1069-1078","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The Relationship Between Circulating Endogenous Cannabinoids and the Effects of Smoked Cannabis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3477-6600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tonisha","family":"Kearney-Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan S.","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Therapeutics and Medical Consequences, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Belluomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM), Bordeaux, France."},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Matias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM), Bordeaux, 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