{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T14:13:06Z","timestamp":1780323186913,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cannabis &amp; Cannabinoid Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retail sales of Delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) products have increased in the U.S. market since the passing of the 2018 Farm Bill, and there is currently little regulation of marketing\/sales and limited related safety standards in many states. After thousands of calls to poison control centers (40% for individuals under 18 years old and 70% requiring health care facility evaluation), the Food and Drug Administration issued warnings on Delta-8 THC products, stating their psychoactive effects and that some manufacturers may synthesize Delta-8 using unsafe household chemicals. The current study describes the Delta-8 THC retail sales environment in Fort Worth, Texas. Given its relatively inexpensive manufacturing and that low prices are a major determinant of cannabis use, the price of Delta-8 THC products was examined. This study also examined whether retail outlets in areas with greater socioeconomic deprivation had higher odds of selling Delta-8 THC products. This is important because if Delta-8 THC retailers are disproportionately located in more socioeconomically deprived communities, residents of these communities can more easily access these products and may have higher risk of adverse consequences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Potential Delta-8 THC retailers were selected by identifying lists of current retail locations with alcohol, cannabidiol, and\/or tobacco licenses in Fort Worth. Trained research assistants called outlets in September and October 2021 to query about sales of products containing Delta-8 THC. The response rate was 69% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =1,223). Outlets' 9-digit zip codes were merged with Area Deprivation Index scores. Products and purported minimum age were described. Chi-squared and Student's\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -tests were used.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eleven percent of outlets (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =133) reported selling Delta-8 THC. Ninety-six percent sold vapes and\/or \u201cflower\u201d (i.e., hemp leaves coated with Delta-8 THC distillate) and 76% sold edibles. Among the least expensive products available, edibles cost, on average, $8.58 less than flower\/vapes (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001). Outlets that sold Delta-8 THC were located in areas with greater deprivation (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.02). Most reported a minimum purchase age of 21; however, 4% reported 18 years or no minimum age.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Delta-8 THC retail outlets were disproportionately located in areas with more socioeconomic deprivation. Legal intervention such as zoning, minimum age, and tax laws may help reduce Delta-8 THC-related disparities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2022.0079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T13:30:24Z","timestamp":1667827824000},"page":"363-370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Delta-8 THC Retail Availability, Price, and Minimum Purchase Age"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4388-5251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Rossheim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4206-4179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cassidy R.","family":"LoParco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6327-8910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melvin D.","family":"Livingston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela J.","family":"Trangenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Olsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayla K.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Yockey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin M.","family":"Luningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda Y.","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA."},{"name":"TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doug","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott T.","family":"Walters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis L.","family":"Thombs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Jernigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Law, Policy &amp; Management, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2020 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. PEP21-07-01-003 NSDUH Series H-56). Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration: Rockville MD USA; 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/ [Last accessed: February3 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","unstructured":"United States Drug Enforcement Administration (U.S. DEA). Drug scheduling. 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.dea.gov\/drug-information\/drug-scheduling [Last accessed: February3 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2020.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","unstructured":"United States Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA). Hemp Production and the 2018 Farm Bill. Testimony of Amy Abernethy Md Phd. Principal Deputy Commissioner Office of the Commissioner Food and Drug Administration Department of Health And Human Services before the Senate Committee on Agriculture Nutrition and Forestry. 2019. Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/congressional-testimony\/hemp-production-and-2018-farm-bill-07252019 [Last accessed: February3 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","unstructured":"United States Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA). 5 Things to Know about Delta-8 Tetrahydrocannabinol\u2014Delta-8 THC. 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/5-things-know-about-delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol-delta-8-thc [Last accessed: February3 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2021.306499"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2021.103557"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2021.306586"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","unstructured":"Johnson L. CBD Oracle Lab study shows some delta-8 products are 7700% over the legal delta-9 THC limit. 2021. Available from: https:\/\/cbdoracle.com\/news\/delta-8-thc-products-market-study-consumer-safety-and-legality [Last accessed: February3 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13910"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.12535"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","first-page":"109019812110083","article-title":"Neighborhood inequities in tobacco retailer density and the presence of tobacco-selling pharmacies and tobacco shops","volume":"49","author":"Kong AY","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kong AY, , Delamater PL, , Gottfredson NC, et al. Neighborhood inequities in tobacco retailer density and the presence of tobacco-selling pharmacies and tobacco shops. 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