{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T16:47:28Z","timestamp":1777481248139,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cannabis &amp; Cannabinoid Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The use of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cannabis sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                      L. in health care requires stringent care for the optimal production of the bioactive compounds. However, plant phenotypes and the content of secondary metabolites, such as phytocannabinoids, are strongly influenced by external factors, such as nutrient availability. It has been shown that phytocannabinoids can exhibit selective cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines while protecting healthy tissue from apoptosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to clarify the cytotoxic effect of cannabis extracts on colorectal cell lines by identifying the main active compounds and determining their abundance and activity across all developmental stages of medical cannabis plants cultivated under hydroponic conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dimethyl sulfoxide extracts of medical cannabis plants bearing the genotype classified as chemotype I were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and their cytotoxic activity was determined by measuring cell viability by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay on the human colon cancer cell lines, Caco-2 and HT-29, and the normal human epithelial cell line, CCD 841 CoN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The most abundant phytocannabinoid in cannabis extracts was tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA). Its maximum concentrations were reached from the 7th to the 13th plant vegetation week, depending on the nutritional cycle and treatment. Almost all extracts were cytotoxic to the human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell line HT-29 at lower concentrations than the other cell lines. The phytocannabinoids that most affected the cytotoxicity of individual extracts on HT-29 were cannabigerol, \u0394\n                      <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                      -tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabigerolic acid, and THCA. The tested model showed almost 70% influence of these cannabinoids. However, THCA alone influenced the cytotoxicity of individual extracts by nearly 65%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Phytocannabinoid extracts from plants of the THCA-dominant chemotype interacted synergistically and showed selective cytotoxicity against the CRC cell line, HT-29. This positive extract response indicates possible therapeutic value.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2022.0243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]],"date-time":"2022-12-02T15:05:26Z","timestamp":1669993526000},"page":"409-420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Selective Cytotoxicity of Medical Cannabis (\n                    <i>Cannabis sativa<\/i>\n                    L.) Extracts Across the Whole Vegetation Cycle Under Various Hydroponic and Nutritional Treatments"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2717-3740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mat\u011bj","family":"Mal\u00edk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, Czech Republic."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7373-1360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivo","family":"Dosko\u010dil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, Czech Republic."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Pavl\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technologies, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, Czech Republic."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milo\u0161","family":"Ulman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technologies, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, Czech Republic."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luk\u00e1\u0161","family":"Praus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, Czech Republic."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Kou\u0159imsk\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, Czech Republic."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbora","family":"Lampov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, Czech Republic."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Kuklina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, Czech Republic."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Tlusto\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, Czech Republic."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18010197"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dewick PM. Medicinal Natural Products: A Biosynthetic Approach. John Wiley & Sons: Chichester United Kingdom; 2002.","DOI":"10.1002\/0470846275"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.106.025601"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2006.02.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.02027.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2015.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2017.0016"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3747\/co.23.3080"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1188"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-019-0659-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2019.1561859"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2017.19.3\/glafaye"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161210789941847"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1531"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08276331.2009.10593440"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Medicinal cannabis policies and practices around the world","author":"Aguilar S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aguilar S, , Guti\u00e9rrez V, , S\u00e1nchez L, et al. Medicinal cannabis policies and practices around the world. Int Drug Policy Consort Briefing paper, 2018; 1\u201332.","journal-title":"Int Drug Policy Consort Briefing paper"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.5b00949"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2021.113351"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12298-011-0066-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI13510-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17221\/96\/2021-PSE"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","first-page":"155","article-title":"First advances on the development of a hydroponic system for cherry tomato culture","author":"Velazquez L","year":"2013","unstructured":"Velazquez L, , Hernandez M, , Leon M, et al. First advances on the development of a hydroponic system for cherry tomato culture. 10th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control (CCE), 2013; pp. 155\u2013159; doi: 10.1109\/ICEEE.2013.6676029","journal-title":"10th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control (CCE)"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.868350"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2017.05.049"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-019-03344-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytol.2015.08.004"},{"issue":"29","key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","first-page":"495","article-title":"The therapeutic potential of cannabis and cannabinoids","volume":"109","author":"Grotenhermen F","year":"2012","unstructured":"Grotenhermen F, , Muller-Vahl K. The therapeutic potential of cannabis and cannabinoids. Dtsch Arztebl Int, 2012; 109(29\u201330):495\u2013501; doi: 10.3238\/arztebl.2012.0495","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2018.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19390211.2020.1776806"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Meijer EPM. The Chemical Phenotypes (Chemotypes) of Cannabis. In: Handbook of Cannabis. (Pertwee R ed.) Oxford University Press: Oxford; 2014 pp. 89\u2013110.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199662685.003.0005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejoc.201900059"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.0c03791"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2016.0020"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2021.0072"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155533"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24173031"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12040491"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.27528"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12071985"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2018.0010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2016.0008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2017.0027"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01238.x"}],"container-title":["Cannabis &amp; Cannabinoid Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/can.2022.0243","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/can.2022.0243","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/can.2022.0243","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:11:59Z","timestamp":1777385519000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/can.2022.0243"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/can.2022.0243"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/can.2022.0243","relation":{},"ISSN":["2578-5125","2378-8763"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2578-5125","type":"print"},{"value":"2378-8763","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]}}}