{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T01:24:01Z","timestamp":1775352241666,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cannabis &amp; Cannabinoid Research"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of medical cannabis (MC) to treat a host of conditions has expanded considerably in the United States; however, precise quantitative assessments of purchasing characteristics are unknown. This study sought to characterize the trends in MC purchases, US dollars spent, and type and amount purchased by demographic and clinical characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This descriptive exploratory association study examined statewide MC registry data in Arkansas linked at the person level with statewide transaction data documenting each MC purchase. MC transaction data (May 11, 2019\u2013August 31, 2022) were assessed to identify persons who could be linked to the registry data and made at least one purchase. Individual demographic characteristics and MC qualifying conditions (QCs) were ascertained. Product types were classified into plant cannabis, cannabis extract for inhalation (vape), edibles, and others. The average daily total delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) purchased was calculated based on the concentration and quantity purchased. Purchasing characteristics are described and demographic and clinical factors associated with THC purchased per day and dollars spent per year were estimated by ordinary least square regression and general linear models with a gamma distribution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>On average, 89,057 MC purchasers spent $3343 (interquartile range [IQR], $907\u2013$4802), had 33.34 (IQR, 8.32\u201346.03) transaction days per year, and purchased 162.32 mg (IQR, 30.51\u2013237.69) of THC per day. Most persons predominantly purchased plant cannabis (68.27%), followed by edibles (14.92%) and vape (11.96%). Individuals younger than 18 years of age (\u03b2=\u221278.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], \u2212116.599 to \u221239.863), persons 70 and older (\u03b2 = \u2212122.30; 95% CI, \u2212128.18 to \u2212116.422), and women (\u03b2=\u221233.70; 95% CI, \u221235.95 to \u221231.446) purchased less THC per day than their counterparts after multivariate adjustment. The most common QCs were pain and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and compared to those with cancer, persons with pain (\u03b2 = 26.30; 95% CI, 18.636\u201333.96) and PTSD (\u03b2 = 38.34; 95% CI, 30.467\u201346.222) purchased more THC per day.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The average THC purchased per person per day exceeds typically recommended daily doses for therapeutic uses, and further research is warranted to assess the safety and benefits of MC across these conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2024.0141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T10:40:26Z","timestamp":1727088026000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Statewide Examination of Medical Cannabis Purchasing Patterns in Arkansas Over the Three Years Immediately Following Legalization"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8402-3098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bradley C.","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmaceutical Evaluation and Policy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph W.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arkansas Center for Health Improvement, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Goudie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy Management, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cain","family":"Farnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arkansas Center for Health Improvement, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Noori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arkansas Center for Health Improvement, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nichole","family":"Stanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arkansas Center for Health Improvement, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaclyn R.","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arkansas Center for Health Improvement, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa J.","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","unstructured":"National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL). State Medical Cannabis Laws. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/health\/state-medical-cannabis-laws [Last accessed: June20 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","unstructured":"National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML). Medical Marijuana Laws. Washington DC; 2024. Available from: https:\/\/norml.org\/laws\/medical-laws\/ [Last accessed: June22 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","unstructured":"Marijuana Policy Project. U.S. Territory Policy. Washington DC; 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.mpp.org\/policy\/us-territories\/ [Last accessed: June22 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","unstructured":"DISA Global Solutions Inc. Marijuana Legality by State. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/disa.com\/marijuana-legality-by-state [Last accessed: June20 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","unstructured":"Reuters. U.S. States Where Recreational Marijuana Is Legal. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/us\/us-states-where-recreational-marijuana-is-legal-2023-05-31\/#:\u223c:text=Apart%20from%20the%2023%20states and%20the%20Northern%20Mariana%20Islands [Last accessed: June20 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","unstructured":"Leafwell. Is Medical Marijuana Legal in Your State? Cannabis Laws. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/leafwell.com\/cannabis-marijuana-laws [Last accessed: June22 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","unstructured":"Conway J. Recreational cannabis in the U.S. - Statistics & Facts. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.statista.com\/topics\/3117\/recreational-marijuana\/#editorsPicks [Last accessed: May9 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","unstructured":"Conway J. Sales of legal recreational cannabis in the United States from 2022 to 2028. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/933384\/legal-cannabis-sales-forecast-us\/ [Last accessed: May9 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","unstructured":"Compassionate Certification Centers. List of Qualifying Health Conditions For Medical Marijuana In Each State. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.compassionatecertificationcenters.com\/news\/list-of-qualifying-health-conditions-for-medical-marijuana-in-each-state\/ [Last accessed: August31 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","volume-title":"The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: The Current State of Evidence and Recommendations for Research","author":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","year":"2017","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: The Current State of Evidence and Recommendations for Research. The National Academies Press: Washington, DC; 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","unstructured":"Levine RL. Basis For The Recommendation To Reschedule Marijuana Into Schedule III of The Controlled Substances Act. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/24359427-hhs-marijuana-rescheduling [Last accessed: January12 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","unstructured":"Office of Public Affairs. Justice Department Submits Proposed Regulation to Reschedule Marijuana. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/pr\/justice-department-submits-proposed-regulation-reschedule-marijuana [Last accessed: June17 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.45653"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.23r14862"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281826"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","unstructured":"Arkansas General Assembly. Arkansas Medical Marijuana Amendment. 2016. Available from: https:\/\/static.ark.org\/eeuploads\/arml\/Arkansas_Medical_Marijuana_Amendment_of_2016.pdf [Last accessed: June20 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","unstructured":"Arkansas Department of Health. Medical Marijuana FAQ\u2019S. Available from: https:\/\/www.healthy.arkansas.gov\/programs-services\/topics\/medical-marijuana-faqs [Last accessed: June20 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2023.0075"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_20_2","unstructured":"Carnevale Associates LLC. Status of State Marijuana Legalization: November 2020. Gaithersburg MD; 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.carnevaleassociates.com\/our-work\/status-of-state-marijuana-legalization\u2013-november-2020.html [Last accessed: August1 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_21_2","unstructured":"AbbVie Inc. Full Prescribing Information - Marinol. North Chicago IL; 2017. Available from: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2017\/018651s029lbl.pdf [Last accessed: October5 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_22_2","unstructured":"Valeant Pharmaceuticals International. CESAMET Prescribing Information. Costa Mesa CA; 2006. Available from: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2006\/018677s011lbl.pdf [Last accessed: October5 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkx012"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2020.81.604"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2014.949727"}],"container-title":["Cannabis &amp; Cannabinoid Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/can.2024.0141","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/can.2024.0141","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/can.2024.0141","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T05:24:50Z","timestamp":1774416290000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/can.2024.0141"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["10.1089\/can.2024.0141"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/can.2024.0141","relation":{},"ISSN":["2578-5125","2378-8763"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2578-5125","type":"print"},{"value":"2378-8763","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"article-number":"can.2024.0141"}}