{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T19:39:23Z","timestamp":1782502763291,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cannabis &amp; Cannabinoid Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In epidemiological studies, people who use cannabis have a lower prevalence of obesity. Furthermore, the endocannabinoid system is recognized as a potential target for obesity treatment and partial agonism of the cannabinoid type-1 (CB\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) receptor may reduce body weight. We thus hypothesized that 12 weeks of pharmacotherapy with the partial CB\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      receptor agonist nabilone would reduce body weight, relative to placebo, in adults with obesity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial that investigated the feasibility, tolerability, and efficacy of 12 weeks of treatment with nabilone compared with placebo in adults with obesity. Otherwise healthy adults aged 25\u201345 years with obesity were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to one of three parallel treatment arms: high-dose nabilone (6 mg\/day), low-dose nabilone (2 mg\/day), or placebo. Safety and feasibility outcomes included adverse events (AEs), number of dropouts, and medication adherence per treatment arm. Efficacy outcomes included body weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference. Secondary outcomes included gut microbiome changes, blood biomarkers (e.g., glucose and insulin levels), and mood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, 18 participants were randomized and 15 participants received at least one dose of drug (4 high-dose arm, 5 low-dose arm, 6 placebo). The trial was terminated early due to poor tolerability of the medication (e.g., all four participants allocated to high-dose nabilone withdrew due to AEs). Only eight participants completed per protocol (four in the low-dose arm and four in the placebo arm). Using data from completers only (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 8), we saw a significant treatment effect on body weight (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and BMI (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) that appeared to be driven by greater decreases in the low-dose arm (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 4) relative to placebo (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 4). Based on the Bray\u2013Curtis dissimilarity, the low-dose arm showed a greater change in the overall fecal microbiome composition compared with the placebo arm (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This pilot trial found poor tolerability of nabilone pharmacotherapy (especially at 6 mg\/day) for adults with obesity who had not used any cannabinoid drugs for 6 months prior to enrolment. Preliminary results suggest a possible impact of nabilone on the gut microbiome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2025.0034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T11:09:35Z","timestamp":1747048175000},"page":"640-651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Feasibility and Tolerability of Nabilone for the Treatment of Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6248-3704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin","family":"Matheson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada."},{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Tertigas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Canada."},{"name":"Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saima","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Chavez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith A.","family":"Sharkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristoforo","family":"Silvestri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, D\u00e9partement de m\u00e9decine, Centre de Recherche de l\u2019Institut de Pneumologie et Cardiologie (CRIUCPQ), Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada."},{"name":"Centre NUTRISS, Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Qu\u00e9bec, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Surette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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Canada."},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada."},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada."},{"name":"Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Waypoint Research Institute, Penetanguishene, 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