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Current medications, doses, and related adverse events were recorded. Clinicians were asked to provide a target disorder (bipolar mania\/mixed state, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], or anxiety) for each medication to the best of their ability. The Clinical Global Impressions\u2013Severity (CGI-S) scale was used to measure severity of each disorder before treatment and the Clinical Global Impressions\u2013Improvement (CGI-I) was used to quantify the magnitude of improvement with treatment. Meaningful improvement of the disorder was defined by CGI-I score of 1 or 2.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean number of psychotropic medications per patient was 3.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6. A total of 68% of patients were treated for co-morbid disorders; 23% of patients were treated with monotherapy, primarily with second-generation antipsychotics. Mania improved in 80% of cases, mixed state improved in 57% of cases, ADHD improved in 56% of cases, anxiety improved in 61% of cases, and depression improved in 90% of cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The management of pediatric bipolar disorder often requires multiple medications. For the treatment of mania\/mixed states, clinicians prescribed second-generation antipsychotics more frequently than mood stabilizers, especially in the context of monotherapy. Co-morbidity was a frequent problem with moderate success obtained with combined pharmacotherapy approaches. Further psychosocial strategies to augment pharmacotherapy may improve outcome while reducing the medication burden in pediatric bipolar disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2008.0142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,30]],"date-time":"2009-10-30T18:59:33Z","timestamp":1256929173000},"page":"529-538","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Prescribing Patterns for Treatment of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder in a Specialty Clinic"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Mona P.","family":"Potter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Howard Y.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Monuteaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carly S.","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Wozniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy E.","family":"Wilens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Biederman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. 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