{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T12:17:40Z","timestamp":1787141860945,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]],"date-time":"2010-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1270080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]],"date-time":"2010-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1270080000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often accompanied by self-injurious behavior (SIB), aggression, and tantrums, symptoms that have reportedly improved with micronutrient (vitamins and minerals) treatment. The current study took advantage of naturally occurring differences in parental preferences for treatment approaches. The micronutrient group asked for treatment without pharmaceuticals (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200944, aged 2\u201328 years at entry [M\u2009=\u20098.39\u2009\u00b1\u20095.58]). Their records were matched with those of 44 similar children whose families requested conventional treatment (medication group). Both groups improved on both the Childhood Autism Rating Scale and the Childhood Psychiatric Rating Scale (all\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    values &lt;0.0001). Both groups also exhibited significant decreases in total Aberrant Behavior Checklist scores, but the micronutrient group's improvement was significantly greater (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). SIB Intensity was lower in the micronutrient group at the end of the study (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.005), and improvement on the Clinical Global Impressions scale was greater for the micronutrient group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0029). It is difficult to determine whether the observed changes were exerted through improvement in mood disorder or through an independent effect on autistic disorder. There were some advantages to treatment with micronutrients\u2014lower activity level, less social withdrawal, less anger, better spontaneity with the examiner, less irritability, lower intensity SIB, markedly fewer adverse events, and less weight gain. Advantages of medication management were insurance coverage, fewer pills, and less frequent dosing.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2009.0011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,24]],"date-time":"2010-04-24T19:14:40Z","timestamp":1272136480000},"page":"95-103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Micronutrients Versus Standard Medication Management in Autism: A Naturalistic Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Lewis","family":"Mehl-Madrona","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Argosy University"},{"name":"University of Hawaii School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Saskatchewan","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonnie J.","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2004.10.1033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2005.15.869"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","first-page":"485","article-title":"The aberrant behavior checklist: A behavior rating scale for the assessment of treatment effects","volume":"89","author":"Aman MG","year":"1985","unstructured":"Aman MG, , Singh NN, , Stewart AW, , Field CJ. 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