{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:07:28Z","timestamp":1777493248313,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]],"date-time":"2010-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1270080000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to examine rates of psychotropic medication use over time among a national probability sample of youths involved with child welfare\/child protective services (CW\/CPS) in the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Growth mixture modeling was used to classify 2,521 youths into groups based on individual medication use trajectories. Determinants associated with groupings were examined using logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, 22% of youths used medications over 3 years. Three groups were identified: (1) Low medication use (85%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092,057), where medication was used rarely or never; (2) increasing medication use, where medication was commonly started after investigation (4%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009148); and (3) high medication use, where medication use was endorsed over multiple study waves (12%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009316). On multivariate modeling, physical abuse predicted membership in the increasing-use group (reference group, low use); Caucasian (versus African American) and need predicted membership in the high-use group (reference group, low use). Male gender was associated with membership in both the increasing-use and high-use groups (reference group, low use). Age and abuse type (physical abuse, neglect) demonstrated complex relationships with group membership.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psychotropic medication use trajectories for children in child welfare vary and are best understood when disaggregated into distinct subpopulations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2009.0065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,24]],"date-time":"2010-04-24T19:14:40Z","timestamp":1272136480000},"page":"135-143","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Rates of Psychotropic Medication Use over Time among Youth in Child Welfare\/Child Protective Services"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Laurel K.","family":"Leslie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies Tufts Medical Center"},{"name":"Rady Children's Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Raghavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinjin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rady Children's Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory A.","family":"Aarons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rady Children's Hospital"},{"name":"University of California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist\/4\u201318, 1991 profile","author":"Achenbach TM","year":"1991","unstructured":"Achenbach TM. 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