{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:13:48Z","timestamp":1777493628089,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) cause weight gain and cardiometabolic abnormalities in children and adolescents. Less well-investigated is the outcome of these adverse events following SGA discontinuation, which we examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medically healthy 7 to 17-year-old patients treated with risperidone for \u22656 months were enrolled and returned for follow-up, 1.5 years later. Treatment history was extracted from the medical and pharmacy records. Anthropometric and laboratory measurements were obtained at each research visit. Multivariable linear regression analysis and Fisher's exact test were used to compare participants who remained on risperidone at follow-up (Risp Cont Group) with those who had discontinued SGA treatment (SGA Disc Group) and those who had switched to another SGA (SGA Cont Group). Correlational analyses examined the association between change in age-sex specific body mass index (BMI) z score between study entry and follow-up and change in cardiometabolic outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The sample consisted of 101 participants (93% male) with a mean age of 11.7\u00b12.6 years at study entry. The majority had an externalizing disorder and received 0.03\u00b10.02\u2009mg\/kg\/day of risperidone, for 2.5\u00b11.6 years. At follow-up, 18% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =18) were in the SGA Disc Group and 9% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =9) were in the SGA Cont Group. BMI\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">z<\/jats:italic>\n                      score decreased in the SGA Disc Group, remained unchanged in the Risp Cont Group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =74), and increased in the SGA Cont Group. Importantly, the change in BMI\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">z<\/jats:italic>\n                      score between study entry and follow-up was significantly correlated with the change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">z<\/jats:italic>\n                      scores, heart rate, waist circumference, percent body fat, inflammatory markers, fasting total insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), C-peptide, total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, triglycerides\/HDL ratio, and leptin.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following several years of treatment, risperidone discontinuation is associated with a reversal of the excessive weight gain, mediated by a negative energy balance, and a corresponding improvement in cardiometabolic parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2013.0126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,11]],"date-time":"2014-04-11T14:44:54Z","timestamp":1397227494000},"page":"120-129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Children and Adolescents Following Discontinuation of Long-Term Risperidone Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Chadi A.","family":"Calarge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ginger","family":"Nicol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet A.","family":"Schlechte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trudy L.","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa College of Public Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","unstructured":"Achenbach TM Rescorla LA: Manual for the ASEBA School-Age Froms & Profiles. Burlington VT: Research Center for Children Youth & Families; 2001."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","volume-title":"Text Revision","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.2053"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e31823429a7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2008.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e328329a60f"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YPG.0b013e3283328e06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125313487548"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-2000-6-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.05.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04595gre"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control:National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Anthropometry Procedures Manual. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control; 2000."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.157.8.821"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1549"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.28.5.w770"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2010.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000351493"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.11040631"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000143545.54637.af"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n1113"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2009.00589.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2012.00062"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n1019e"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n0111"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(02)00128-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0709"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000992280404300504"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-8-78"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","unstructured":"Lipkovich I Kryzhanovskaya LA Robertson\u2013Plouch C Xu W Watson SB Tohen MF: Predicting Substantial Weight Gain in Olanzapine-Treated Adolescents with Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder. Chicago: American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; 2008b."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","volume-title":"Off-Label Use of Atypical Antipsychotics: An Update","author":"Maglione M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Maglione M, , Maher AR, , Hu J, , Wang Z, , Shanman R, , Shekelle PG, , Roth B, , Hilton L, , Suttorp MJ, , Ewing BA, , Motala A, , Perry T: Off-Label Use of Atypical Antipsychotics: An Update. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2012.191"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2012.0075"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.C0006629.pub2"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Second-generation (atypical) antipsychotics and metabolic effects: A comprehensive literature review","volume":"19","author":"Newcomer JW","year":"2005","unstructured":"Newcomer JW: Second-generation (atypical) antipsychotics and metabolic effects: A comprehensive literature review. CNS Drugs, 19 Suppl 1:1\u201393, 2005.","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","article-title":"Long-term non-pharmacological weight loss interventions for adults with prediabetes","volume":"2","author":"Norris SL","year":"2005","unstructured":"Norris SL, , Zhang X, , Avenell A, , Gregg E, , Schmid CH, , Lau J: Long-term non-pharmacological weight loss interventions for adults with prediabetes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2:CD005270, 2005.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.1.45"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2012.647"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Trends in antipsychotic drug use by very young, privately insured children","volume":"49","author":"Olfson M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Olfson M, , Crystal S, , Huang C, , Gerhard T. Trends in antipsychotic drug use by very young, privately insured children. J Am Acad Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 49:13\u201323, 2010.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.7.1361"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.3.402"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2008.09.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39385.413113.25"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200001000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","first-page":"709","article-title":"Skinfold equations for estimation of body fatness in children and youth","volume":"60","author":"Slaughter MH","year":"1988","unstructured":"Slaughter MH, , Lohman TG, , Boileau RA, , Horswill CA, , Stillman RJ, , Van Loan MD, , Bemben DA: Skinfold equations for estimation of body fatness in children and youth. Hum Biol, 60:709\u2013723, 1988.","journal-title":"Hum Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2009.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60105-0"}],"container-title":["Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/cap.2013.0126","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/cap.2013.0126","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/cap.2013.0126","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:55:55Z","timestamp":1777388155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/cap.2013.0126"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/cap.2013.0126"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cap.2013.0126","relation":{},"ISSN":["1044-5463","1557-8992"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1044-5463","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8992","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}}}