{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:17:44Z","timestamp":1777493864514,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Therapeutic benefits of omega-3 fatty acids (\u03a93) for mood disorders, psychosis, and anxiety have been reported in the literature. The purpose of the present article is to provide a literature review of \u03a93 supplementation for affective disorders and to illustrate the benefits of \u03a93 with a case presentation of a young girl with a history of bipolar disorder-type 1 with psychotic features and generalized anxiety disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reviewed literature includes treatment studies of the impact of \u03a93 on child mood disorders supplemented by review of meta-analyses within the adult mood disorders literature. The subject of this case report participated in 11 in-depth diagnostic and functional assessments over 5 years as part of an unrelated study. Three years were presupplementation and 2 years were with supplementation with no other medication changes, thus making a naturalistic multiple-baseline single-subject experiment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Augmentation over a 2 year period was notable for clinically significant and sustained improvement in depressive, manic, and psychotic symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\u03a93 supplementation may be a safe, adjunct intervention for treating bipolar disorder in children and adolescents, even in the presence of psychotic and anxious features. The 2 year follow-up in this case offers hope of an accumulating and enduring benefit. Further research into mechanisms of \u03a93 action and of combination treatment with other well-known interventions for mood disorders would be beneficial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2013.0141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,19]],"date-time":"2015-08-19T16:01:25Z","timestamp":1440000085000},"page":"526-534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Omega-3 Supplementation for Psychotic Mania and Comorbid Anxiety in Children"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Anthony T.","family":"Vesco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center"},{"name":"The Ohio State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara L.","family":"Gracious","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center"},{"name":"The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. Eugene","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea S.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary A.","family":"Fristad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center"},{"name":"The Ohio State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2010.00886.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.192"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28313"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.10.1139"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v59n1111"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764010387065"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","volume-title":"Poster session presented at the 65th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Psychosomatic Society","author":"Conklin SM","unstructured":"Conklin SM: Dietary intake of the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids is associated with increased grey matter volume in the perigenual cingulate cortex. Poster session presented at the 65th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Psychosomatic Society, Budapest, Hungary, March, 2007."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2008.81"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09292.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v68n1016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05164yel"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05859yel"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v67n1217"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(03)00077-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199802000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Can adults adequately convert alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) to eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3)?","volume":"68","author":"Gerster H","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gerster H: Can adults adequately convert alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) to eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3)?. Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 68:159\u2013173, 1998.","journal-title":"Int J Vitam Nutr Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2010.00799.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-12-38"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2005.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2004.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.161.10.1922"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2012.02655.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05835yel"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.59.1.12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.6.530"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.5.747"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2010.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.07.229"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200006000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2005.00261.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kraepelin E: Manic-Depressive Insanity and Paranoia. Edinburgh: Livingstone; 1921.","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-192104000-00057"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.64719\/pb.4088"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v68n0712"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00268-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(99)00014-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","volume-title":"Cytokines, Stress, and Immunity","author":"Maes M","year":"1998","unstructured":"Maes M, , Song C, , Lin A, , DeJong R, , Van Gastrel A, , Kenis G, , Bosmans E, , DeMeester I, , Neels H, , Janca A, , Scharpe S, , Smith RS: Immune and clinical correlates of psychological stress-induced production of interferon-\u03b3 and IL-10 in humans. In: Cytokines, Stress, and Immunity, edited by Plotnikoff N.P., , Faith R.E., , Murgo A.J., , Good R.A. Boca Raton, FL: Raven Press, 1998."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2009.10719785"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3181d48830"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00460.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.05.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046832"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.6.1098"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e3282f29841"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.10r06710"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000044"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2005.8.133"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2002.10719248"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511004788"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.053371"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_56_1","first-page":"220","article-title":"The role of eicosanoids in the brain","volume":"17","author":"Tassoni D","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tassoni D, , Kaur G, , Weisinger RS, , Sinclair AJ: The role of eicosanoids in the brain. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 17(S1):220\u2013228, 2008.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200210000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/nedt.1.2.187.61053"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S251","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02562309","article-title":"n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency and dopamine metabolism in the rat frontal cortex","volume":"34","author":"Zimmer L","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zimmer L, , Durand G, , Guilloteau D, , Chalon S: n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency and dopamine metabolism in the rat frontal cortex. Lipids, 34 (Suppl):S251, 1999.","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/75.4.662"}],"container-title":["Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/cap.2013.0141","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/cap.2013.0141","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/cap.2013.0141","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:56:28Z","timestamp":1777388188000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/cap.2013.0141"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/cap.2013.0141"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cap.2013.0141","relation":{},"ISSN":["1044-5463","1557-8992"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1044-5463","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8992","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}}}